Test 2 Flashcards
What is absorption?
Phase of the digestive process that occurs when small molecules, vitamins, and minerals pass through the walls of the small and large intestine and into the bloodstream.
What is amylase?
An enzyme that aids in the digestion of starch.
What is the anus?
Last section of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; outlet for waste products from the GI system.
What is chyme?
Mixture of food with saliva, salivary enzymes, and gastric secretions that is produced as food passes through the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.
What is digestion?
Phase of the digestive process that occurs when digestive enzymes and secretions mix with ingested food and when proteins, fats, and sugars are broken down into their component smaller molecules.
What is dyspepsia?
Indigestion; upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating.
What is elimination?
Phase of the digestive process that occurs after digestion and absorption, when waste products are evacuated from the body.
What is the esophagus?
Collapsible tube connecting the mouth to the stomach, through which food passes as it is ingested.
What is hydrochloric acid?
Acid secreted by the glands in the stomach; mixes with chyme to break it down into absorbable molecules and to aid in the destruction of bacteria.
What is ingestion?
Phase of the digestive process that occurs when food is taken into the GI tract via the mouth and esophagus.
What is intrinsic factor?
A gastric secretion that combines with vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed.
What is the large intestine?
The portion of the GI tract into which waste material from the small intestine passes as absorption continues and elimination begins; consists of several parts—ascending segment, transverse segment, descending segment, sigmoid colon, and rectum.
What is lipase?
An enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats.
What is microbiome?
The collective genome of all microbes in a microbiota.
What is microbiota?
The complement of microbes in a given environment.
What is pepsin?
A gastric enzyme that is important in protein digestion.
What is the small intestine?
Longest portion of the GI tract, consisting of three parts—duodenum, jejunum, and ileum—through which food mixed with all secretions and enzymes passes as it continues to be digested and begins to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
What is the stomach?
Distensible pouch into which the food bolus passes to be digested by gastric enzymes.
What is trypsin?
Enzyme that aids in the digestion of protein.
What is achalasia?
Absent or ineffective peristalsis (wavelike contraction) of the distal esophagus accompanied by failure of the esophageal sphincter to relax in response to swallowing.
What is aspiration?
Inhalation of fluids or foods into the trachea and bronchial tree.
What is dumping syndrome?
Physiologic response to rapid emptying of gastric contents into the small intestine; manifested by nausea, weakness, sweating, palpitations, syncope, and possibly diarrhea.
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing.
What is dysplasia?
Bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape, or arrangement from other cells of the same tissue type.
