Test 2 Flashcards
Progressive tissue changes in reversible injury __ in size
Increase
Regressive tissue changes in reversible injury ___ in size
Decrease
An injury which is considered irreversible is
Death
The regressive changes in tissue that is an accumulation or build of a substance intracellular within the protoplasm is known as
Degeneration
The common type of degeneration is
Cellular (cloudy) swelling
The type of degeneration that is the accumulation or build of fat within the cells or protoplasm is
Fatty degeneration (change/metamorphosis)
The type of degeneration that is the accumulation or buildup of amyloid (a waxy starch like substance within the protoplasm of normal cells) is
Amyloid disease
Two examples of Amyloid disease are
TB, Osteomyelitis “inflammation of the spongy bone marrow”
The type of regressive tissue change that is the accumulation or buildup of a substance in between the cells or intercellular is
Infiltration
The type of infiltration that is the the accumulation or buildup of a pigmented or colored substance between cells is
Pigmentation
The type of pigmentation that is the accumulation of pigmented substance outside the body is
Exogenous
The type of pigmentation that has color changes naturally produced within the body is
Endogenous
The type of pigmentation that is the accumulation or buildup of calcium salts between the cells is
Calcification (calcareous infiltration)
The type of pigmentation that is the accumulation of excess uric acid, especially seen in the big toe causing pain or tenderness is
Gout
Tattoos
Plumbism: seen along the gum line in humans when exposed to high levels of lead
Anthracosis: coal miners/ black lung disease Bismuth poisoning: color change seen in between small and large intestines
These are examples of ___ pigmentation
Exogenous
Jaundice: a yellow/green color produced by liver failure
Freckles: an increased localized amount of melanin
Moles: benign pigmented tumors
Albinism: complete absence of melanin production
Birthmarks: normally shades of red/ benign tumor of blood vascular tissue
These are examples of ___ pigmentation
Endogenous
Calcium salts: as seen in sclerotic vessels
Bone fractures: the natural method by which the body heals
These are examples of ___ pigmentation
Calcification
The process by which you have a localized area of narcotic or dead tissue during life is known as
Necrosis
Insufficient blood supply Physical agents: temperature extremes and radiation Chemical agents Loss of nerve supply These are all causes for
Necrosis
The type of necrosis that is cheese like in appearance commonly seen in TB is
Caseous necrosis
The type of necrosis where a foul odor is present and saprophytes are present and use dead tissue as a food supply is known as
Moist/ true gangrene
“Caused by a reduction in arterial blood supply, after death has saprophytes have invaded the tissue” is known as
Ischemic necrosis plus putrefaction
The type of necrosis in which no saprophytes are present, has no odor, and nice line between functioning/ non- functioning tissue is
Dry/ false gangrene
The type of necrosis that is infectious and caused by the spore forming bacteria Clostridium perfringens during life; M.O causes tissue gas in death is
Gas gangrene
The dead epithelial tissue also known as a bedsore is a
Decubitus ulcer
The type of regressive change in tissue where there is a decrease in size of a body part or organ that previously was of normal size is
Atrophy
The type of atrophy where there is a decrease in the size of a body part or organ due to a decreased functional demand is
Physiological atrophy
The type of atrophy where there is a decrease in size due to disease is called
Pathological atrophy
The body’s total response to any injury is known as
Inflammation
The function of the protective response if possible of inflammation includes what three factors
Destroy the causative agent
Limit the area infected
Begin the process of repair
The four causes of inflammation are
Physical irritants
Chemical Irritants
Infectious agents
immunological reactions
The inflammatory process by which there is excess blood in a body part or organ, the first phase of inflammation in which whole blood is shipped to the area of injury by the arteries reaction of the vascular system is
Hyperemia (congestion)
The inflammatory process which is the oozing of fluids at the level of the capillaries is called
Exudation
The exudation which contains pus caused by an infectious agent is
Purulent/ suppurative
The exudation which contains blood is
Hemorrhagic
The exudation which does not contain pus such as blisters is
Serous
The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of heat is
Calor
The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of redness is
Rubor
The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of pain is
Dolor
The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of altered function is
Functio laesa
The inflammatory lesion that is a localization of pus is an
Abscess
The inflammatory lesion that is the diffusion or widespread inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue that appears as a red line spreading rapidly just beneath the surface of the skin is
Phlegmon (cellulitis)
The inflammatory lesion that is a slight elevation on the surface of the skin filled with serous is a
Vesicle (blister)
The inflammatory lesion that is a a single non- communicating boil (an abscess of a hair follicle or sweat gland “acne”) is a
Furnuncle
The inflammatory lesion that is a communicating boil (a single way of which pus drains, occurs in two or more) is called
Carbuncles
The inflammatory lesion that is an abnormal passageway either located entirely within the body or a passage way within the body located directly to the outside is a
Fistuala
The inflammatory lesion the is a local area of necrotic epithelial (digestive “perforation, hemorrhage”, diabetic, decubitus) is an
Ulcer
The inflammatory lesion that is on elevation on the skin which contains pus is a
Pustule
The outcome of inflammation that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with the exact same type of tissue (one of the processes by which completes inflammation) is known as
Regeneration
The type of regeneration that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with the exact same type of tissue due to increase functional demand is
Physiological regeneration
The type of regeneration that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with the exact same type of tissue due to disease (burns of the skin) is
Pathological regeneration
The outcome of inflammation that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with healthy new cells most common being connective tissue cells or by surgery (one of the processes by which completes inflammation) is
Repair
The outcome of inflammation that signals an end of the exudation phase of inflammation is
Resolution
Inflammation of the brain/ encephalon caused by a bateria/ virus is
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord is
Myelitis
Inflammation of the three layered membrane surrounding the brain is
Meningitis
Inflammation of the gray matter portion of the spinal cord caused by a virus known to be neurotrophic is
Poliomyelitis
Inflammation of the structural and functional unit of the neural system, the neuron is
Neuritis
The five types of inflammation of the nervous system include
Encephalitis Myelitis Meningitis Poliomyelitis Neuritis
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity is
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the pharynx, commonly associated with a sore throat is
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of one or more of the four sets of par nasal sinuses is
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the voicebox is
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the pleura, the thin membrane which line the lungs
Pleuritis
Inflammation of the windpipe, the passageway for air between the voice box and the lungs is
Tracheitis
Inflammation of one or both passageways for air between the windpipe and the lungs is
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the mouth is
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the tongue is
Glossitis
Inflammation of the gums is
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the esophagus, the muscular tube that conveys food from the throat to the stomach is
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the stomach is
Gastritis
Inflammation of the small intestines is
Enteritis
Inflammation of the diverticulum, an intestinal hernia is
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of the colon, the longest division of the large intestines is
Colitis
Inflammation of the rectum, the part between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal is
Proctitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the largest of the serous membranes that lines the abdominal viscera is
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the pancreas, the only organ that has two functions is
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the liver is
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder is
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of one or more of the bile ducts is
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the vermiform the snakelike structure attached to the cecum is
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis, the central area for the collection of urine is
Pyelitis
Inflammation of the structural and functional unit of the kidney caused by pus forming bacteria is
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the little tuffs of capillaries within the structural and functional unit of the kidneys is
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the ureter, the slender tube which conveys urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder is
Ureteritis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder is
Cystitis
Inflammation of the urethra, the slender tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body is
Urthritis
Inflammation of one or both of the testes, caused by trauma or mumps is
Orchitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland, the walnut sized gland at the base of the bladder
Prostatitis
Inflammation of one or both of the ovaries
Oophoritis
Inflammation of one or both of the fallopian tubes, the passage way for eggs between the ovaries and uterus is
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the endometrium, the innermost layer of the uterus is
Endometritis
Inflammation of the endo-cervix, the innermost layer of the lower constrict neck like portion of the uterus is
Endocervicitis
Inflammation of the vagina, the birth canal is
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart is
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the myocardium, muscle layer of the heart is
Myocardium
Inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost layer of the heart from which heart valves are made is
Endocarditis
Inflammation of an artery is
Arteritis
Inflammation of a vein is
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein because of the presence of an attached blood clot during life called a thrombus is
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the skin, most common is called contact dermatitis is
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the bursa, the sac lining frequently used joints, typically the scapula (the shoulder joint) is
Bursitis
Inflammation of the spongy bone marrow is
Osteomylitis
Inflammation of the joints is
Arthritis
Inflammation of the one or more of the three sets of tonsils, the tissue between the mouth and throat is
Tonsilitis
Inflammation of the lymph vessels is
Lymphangitis
The two inflammatory conditions associated with the lymphatic system are
Tonsilitis
Lymphangitis
The four inflammatory conditions associated with the skin and skeletomuscular system are
Dermatitis
Bursitis
Osteomyelitis
Arthritis