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Forensic Path T2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Progressive tissue changes in reversible injury __ in size

A

Increase

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2
Q

Regressive tissue changes in reversible injury ___ in size

A

Decrease

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3
Q

An injury which is considered irreversible is

A

Death

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4
Q

The regressive changes in tissue that is an accumulation or build of a substance intracellular within the protoplasm is known as

A

Degeneration

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5
Q

The common type of degeneration is

A

Cellular (cloudy) swelling

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6
Q

The type of degeneration that is the accumulation or build of fat within the cells or protoplasm is

A

Fatty degeneration (change/metamorphosis)

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7
Q

The type of degeneration that is the accumulation or buildup of amyloid (a waxy starch like substance within the protoplasm of normal cells) is

A

Amyloid disease

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8
Q

Two examples of Amyloid disease are

A

TB, Osteomyelitis “inflammation of the spongy bone marrow”

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9
Q

The type of regressive tissue change that is the accumulation or buildup of a substance in between the cells or intercellular is

A

Infiltration

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10
Q

The type of infiltration that is the the accumulation or buildup of a pigmented or colored substance between cells is

A

Pigmentation

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11
Q

The type of pigmentation that is the accumulation of pigmented substance outside the body is

A

Exogenous

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12
Q

The type of pigmentation that has color changes naturally produced within the body is

A

Endogenous

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13
Q

The type of pigmentation that is the accumulation or buildup of calcium salts between the cells is

A

Calcification (calcareous infiltration)

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14
Q

The type of pigmentation that is the accumulation of excess uric acid, especially seen in the big toe causing pain or tenderness is

A

Gout

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15
Q

Tattoos
Plumbism: seen along the gum line in humans when exposed to high levels of lead
Anthracosis: coal miners/ black lung disease Bismuth poisoning: color change seen in between small and large intestines
These are examples of ___ pigmentation

A

Exogenous

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16
Q

Jaundice: a yellow/green color produced by liver failure
Freckles: an increased localized amount of melanin
Moles: benign pigmented tumors
Albinism: complete absence of melanin production
Birthmarks: normally shades of red/ benign tumor of blood vascular tissue
These are examples of ___ pigmentation

A

Endogenous

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17
Q

Calcium salts: as seen in sclerotic vessels
Bone fractures: the natural method by which the body heals
These are examples of ___ pigmentation

A

Calcification

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18
Q

The process by which you have a localized area of narcotic or dead tissue during life is known as

A

Necrosis

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19
Q 
Insufficient blood supply
Physical agents: temperature extremes and radiation
Chemical agents
Loss of nerve supply 
These are all causes for
A

Necrosis

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20
Q

The type of necrosis that is cheese like in appearance commonly seen in TB is

A

Caseous necrosis

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21
Q

The type of necrosis where a foul odor is present and saprophytes are present and use dead tissue as a food supply is known as

A

Moist/ true gangrene

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22
Q

“Caused by a reduction in arterial blood supply, after death has saprophytes have invaded the tissue” is known as

A

Ischemic necrosis plus putrefaction

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23
Q

The type of necrosis in which no saprophytes are present, has no odor, and nice line between functioning/ non- functioning tissue is

A

Dry/ false gangrene

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24
Q

The type of necrosis that is infectious and caused by the spore forming bacteria Clostridium perfringens during life; M.O causes tissue gas in death is

A

Gas gangrene

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25
Q

The dead epithelial tissue also known as a bedsore is a

A

Decubitus ulcer

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26
Q

The type of regressive change in tissue where there is a decrease in size of a body part or organ that previously was of normal size is

A

Atrophy

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27
Q

The type of atrophy where there is a decrease in the size of a body part or organ due to a decreased functional demand is

A

Physiological atrophy

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28
Q

The type of atrophy where there is a decrease in size due to disease is called

A

Pathological atrophy

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29
Q

The body’s total response to any injury is known as

A

Inflammation

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30
Q

The function of the protective response if possible of inflammation includes what three factors

A

Destroy the causative agent
Limit the area infected
Begin the process of repair

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31
Q

The four causes of inflammation are

A

Physical irritants
Chemical Irritants
Infectious agents
immunological reactions

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32
Q

The inflammatory process by which there is excess blood in a body part or organ, the first phase of inflammation in which whole blood is shipped to the area of injury by the arteries reaction of the vascular system is

A

Hyperemia (congestion)

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33
Q

The inflammatory process which is the oozing of fluids at the level of the capillaries is called

A

Exudation

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34
Q

The exudation which contains pus caused by an infectious agent is

A

Purulent/ suppurative

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35
Q

The exudation which contains blood is

A

Hemorrhagic

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36
Q

The exudation which does not contain pus such as blisters is

A

Serous

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37
Q

The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of heat is

A

Calor

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38
Q

The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of redness is

A

Rubor

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39
Q

The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of pain is

A

Dolor

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40
Q

The Latin term for the cardinal signs/ symptoms of altered function is

A

Functio laesa

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41
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is a localization of pus is an

A

Abscess

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42
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is the diffusion or widespread inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue that appears as a red line spreading rapidly just beneath the surface of the skin is

A

Phlegmon (cellulitis)

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43
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is a slight elevation on the surface of the skin filled with serous is a

A

Vesicle (blister)

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44
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is a a single non- communicating boil (an abscess of a hair follicle or sweat gland “acne”) is a

A

Furnuncle

45
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is a communicating boil (a single way of which pus drains, occurs in two or more) is called

A

Carbuncles

46
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is an abnormal passageway either located entirely within the body or a passage way within the body located directly to the outside is a

A

Fistuala

47
Q

The inflammatory lesion the is a local area of necrotic epithelial (digestive “perforation, hemorrhage”, diabetic, decubitus) is an

A

Ulcer

48
Q

The inflammatory lesion that is on elevation on the skin which contains pus is a

A

Pustule

49
Q

The outcome of inflammation that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with the exact same type of tissue (one of the processes by which completes inflammation) is known as

A

Regeneration

50
Q

The type of regeneration that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with the exact same type of tissue due to increase functional demand is

A

Physiological regeneration

51
Q

The type of regeneration that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with the exact same type of tissue due to disease (burns of the skin) is

A

Pathological regeneration

52
Q

The outcome of inflammation that is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissue with healthy new cells most common being connective tissue cells or by surgery (one of the processes by which completes inflammation) is

A

Repair

53
Q

The outcome of inflammation that signals an end of the exudation phase of inflammation is

A

Resolution

54
Q

Inflammation of the brain/ encephalon caused by a bateria/ virus is

A

Encephalitis

55
Q

Inflammation of the spinal cord is

A

Myelitis

56
Q

Inflammation of the three layered membrane surrounding the brain is

A

Meningitis

57
Q

Inflammation of the gray matter portion of the spinal cord caused by a virus known to be neurotrophic is

A

Poliomyelitis

58
Q

Inflammation of the structural and functional unit of the neural system, the neuron is

A

Neuritis

59
Q

The five types of inflammation of the nervous system include

A 
Encephalitis
Myelitis
Meningitis
Poliomyelitis 
Neuritis
60
Q

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity is

A

Rhinitis

61
Q

Inflammation of the pharynx, commonly associated with a sore throat is

A

Pharyngitis

62
Q

Inflammation of one or more of the four sets of par nasal sinuses is

A

Sinusitis

63
Q

Inflammation of the voicebox is

A

Laryngitis

64
Q

Inflammation of the pleura, the thin membrane which line the lungs

A

Pleuritis

65
Q

Inflammation of the windpipe, the passageway for air between the voice box and the lungs is

A

Tracheitis

66
Q

Inflammation of one or both passageways for air between the windpipe and the lungs is

A

Bronchitis

67
Q

Inflammation of the mouth is

A

Stomatitis

68
Q

Inflammation of the tongue is

A

Glossitis

69
Q

Inflammation of the gums is

A

Gingivitis

70
Q

Inflammation of the esophagus, the muscular tube that conveys food from the throat to the stomach is

A

Esophagitis

71
Q

Inflammation of the stomach is

A

Gastritis

72
Q

Inflammation of the small intestines is

A

Enteritis

73
Q

Inflammation of the diverticulum, an intestinal hernia is

A

Diverticulitis

74
Q

Inflammation of the colon, the longest division of the large intestines is

A

Colitis

75
Q

Inflammation of the rectum, the part between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal is

A

Proctitis

76
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the largest of the serous membranes that lines the abdominal viscera is

A

Peritonitis

77
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas, the only organ that has two functions is

A

Pancreatitis

78
Q

Inflammation of the liver is

A

Hepatitis

79
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder is

A

Cholecystitis

80
Q

Inflammation of one or more of the bile ducts is

A

Cholangitis

81
Q

Inflammation of the vermiform the snakelike structure attached to the cecum is

A

Appendicitis

82
Q

Inflammation of the renal pelvis, the central area for the collection of urine is

A

Pyelitis

83
Q

Inflammation of the structural and functional unit of the kidney caused by pus forming bacteria is

A

Pyelonephritis

84
Q

Inflammation of the little tuffs of capillaries within the structural and functional unit of the kidneys is

A

Glomerulonephritis

85
Q

Inflammation of the ureter, the slender tube which conveys urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder is

A

Ureteritis

86
Q

Inflammation of the urinary bladder is

A

Cystitis

87
Q

Inflammation of the urethra, the slender tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body is

A

Urthritis

88
Q

Inflammation of one or both of the testes, caused by trauma or mumps is

A

Orchitis

89
Q

Inflammation of the prostate gland, the walnut sized gland at the base of the bladder

A

Prostatitis

90
Q

Inflammation of one or both of the ovaries

A

Oophoritis

91
Q

Inflammation of one or both of the fallopian tubes, the passage way for eggs between the ovaries and uterus is

A

Salpingitis

92
Q

Inflammation of the endometrium, the innermost layer of the uterus is

A

Endometritis

93
Q

Inflammation of the endo-cervix, the innermost layer of the lower constrict neck like portion of the uterus is

A

Endocervicitis

94
Q

Inflammation of the vagina, the birth canal is

A

Vaginitis

95
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart is

A

Pericarditis

96
Q

Inflammation of the myocardium, muscle layer of the heart is

A

Myocardium

97
Q

Inflammation of the endocardium, the innermost layer of the heart from which heart valves are made is

A

Endocarditis

98
Q

Inflammation of an artery is

A

Arteritis

99
Q

Inflammation of a vein is

A

Phlebitis

100
Q

Inflammation of a vein because of the presence of an attached blood clot during life called a thrombus is

A

Thrombophlebitis

101
Q

Inflammation of the skin, most common is called contact dermatitis is

A

Dermatitis

102
Q

Inflammation of the bursa, the sac lining frequently used joints, typically the scapula (the shoulder joint) is

A

Bursitis

103
Q

Inflammation of the spongy bone marrow is

A

Osteomylitis

104
Q

Inflammation of the joints is

A

Arthritis

105
Q

Inflammation of the one or more of the three sets of tonsils, the tissue between the mouth and throat is

A

Tonsilitis

106
Q

Inflammation of the lymph vessels is

A

Lymphangitis

107
Q

The two inflammatory conditions associated with the lymphatic system are

A

Tonsilitis

Lymphangitis

108
Q

The four inflammatory conditions associated with the skin and skeletomuscular system are

A

Dermatitis
Bursitis
Osteomyelitis
Arthritis

Forensic Path T2 (1 decks)

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