Test 2

Question 1

6 functions of bone tissue

Answer 1

1. Provide support by acting as a structural framework and a point of attachment for tendons and ligaments
2. Protect the internal organs
3. Assist body movements
4. Store and release salts of calcium and phosphorus
5. Participate in blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
6. Store triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow marrow

Question 2

Red marrow

Answer 2

Hematopoiesis- blood cell production
(Occurs in spongy bone)

Question 3

Yellow marrow

Answer 3

Fat storage

Question 4

4 situations where bone formation occurs

Answer 4

1. Formation of bone in embryo
2. Growth of bones until adulthood
3. Remodeling of bone
4. Repair of fractures

Question 5

8 cranial bones

Answer 5

Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

Question 6

14 facial bones

Answer 6

Mandible
Maxilla (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Nasal (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Palatine (2)
Inf. Nasal conchae (2)
Vomer
(My Mandible Chews Very Large Zucchini Pizzas)

Question 7

7 cervical vertebrae

Answer 7

Neck region

Question 8

12 thoracic vertebrae

Answer 8

Articulate with the ribs

Question 9

5 lumbar vertebrae

Answer 9

Support the lower back

Question 10

True ribs

Answer 10

Upper 7 pairs, attach directly to the sternum (with just a small piece of costal cartilage)

Question 11

Sternum

Answer 11

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 12

False ribs

Answer 12

Bottom 5 pairs, attach indirectly to the sternum with an elongated piece of costal cartilage
(ribs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs bc they don’t connect to the sternum at all)

Question 13

Wrist

Answer 13

8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows
(Scaphoid, trapezium, capitate, trapezoid, lunate, pisiform, triquetrum, hamate)
(Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver’s Hand)

Question 14

Palm

Answer 14

5 metacarpal bones

Question 15

Fingers

Answer 15

Each finger besides the thumb have 3 phalanges
1. Proximal phalanx
2. Middle phalanx
3. Distal phalanx

Question 16

Coxal

Answer 16

Hip bone- ileum, ischium, pubis

Question 17

Ankle

Answer 17

7 tarsals bones arranged to form the ankle mortise, heel (largest and strongest tarsal bone- calcaneus), and arches

(Talus, navicular, cuboid, calcaneus, 3 cuneiforms- lateral, intermediate, medial)

Question 18

Sole of the foot

Answer 18

5 bones- metatarsals
Also participate in forming the arches of the foot

Question 19

Toes

Answer 19

Each with besides the hallux (big toe) is composed of the 3 phalanges ( same as fingers)

Question 20

Structural classification subcategories of joints

Answer 20

Fibrous joints (bones held together by dense collagen fibers)
Cartilaginous joints ( bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints (bones held together by ligaments)

Question 21

Functional classification subcategories

Answer 21

Synarthrosis (an immovable joint)
Amphiarthrosis ( a slightly movable joint)
Diarthrosis ( a freely movable joint)

Question 22

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 22

1. Planar- back and forth and side to side movement ( ex: bet navicular and second and third cuneiforms of tarsus in foot)
2. Hinge- opening and closing movement (ex: bet trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow)
3. Pivot- rotation (ex: bet head of radius and radial notch of ulna )
4. Condyloid- allows movement around two axis (ex: bet radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of carpus)
5. Saddle- allows movement around 3 axis (ex: bet trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb )
6. Ball and socket- allows the most movement (ex: shoulder- has the most range of motion of any joint in the body)

Question 23

Categories of joint movements

Answer 23

1. Gliding- relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another
2. Angular movements- there is an increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones
3. Rotation- a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
4. Special movements