Test 2 Flashcards
6 functions of bone tissue
- Provide support by acting as a structural framework and a point of attachment for tendons and ligaments
- Protect the internal organs
- Assist body movements
- Store and release salts of calcium and phosphorus
- Participate in blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
- Store triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow marrow
Red marrow
Hematopoiesis- blood cell production
(Occurs in spongy bone)
Yellow marrow
Fat storage
4 situations where bone formation occurs
- Formation of bone in embryo
- Growth of bones until adulthood
- Remodeling of bone
- Repair of fractures
8 cranial bones
Frontal
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
14 facial bones
Mandible
Maxilla (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Nasal (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Palatine (2)
Inf. Nasal conchae (2)
Vomer
(My Mandible Chews Very Large Zucchini Pizzas)
7 cervical vertebrae
Neck region
12 thoracic vertebrae
Articulate with the ribs
5 lumbar vertebrae
Support the lower back
True ribs
Upper 7 pairs, attach directly to the sternum (with just a small piece of costal cartilage)
Sternum
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
False ribs
Bottom 5 pairs, attach indirectly to the sternum with an elongated piece of costal cartilage
(ribs 11 and 12 are called floating ribs bc they don’t connect to the sternum at all)
Wrist
8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows
(Scaphoid, trapezium, capitate, trapezoid, lunate, pisiform, triquetrum, hamate)
(Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadaver’s Hand)
Palm
5 metacarpal bones
Fingers
Each finger besides the thumb have 3 phalanges
1. Proximal phalanx
2. Middle phalanx
3. Distal phalanx
Coxal
Hip bone- ileum, ischium, pubis
Ankle
7 tarsals bones arranged to form the ankle mortise, heel (largest and strongest tarsal bone- calcaneus), and arches
(Talus, navicular, cuboid, calcaneus, 3 cuneiforms- lateral, intermediate, medial)
Sole of the foot
5 bones- metatarsals
Also participate in forming the arches of the foot
Toes
Each with besides the hallux (big toe) is composed of the 3 phalanges ( same as fingers)
Structural classification subcategories of joints
Fibrous joints (bones held together by dense collagen fibers)
Cartilaginous joints ( bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints (bones held together by ligaments)
Functional classification subcategories
Synarthrosis (an immovable joint)
Amphiarthrosis ( a slightly movable joint)
Diarthrosis ( a freely movable joint)
6 types of synovial joints
- Planar- back and forth and side to side movement ( ex: bet navicular and second and third cuneiforms of tarsus in foot)
- Hinge- opening and closing movement (ex: bet trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna at the elbow)
- Pivot- rotation (ex: bet head of radius and radial notch of ulna )
- Condyloid- allows movement around two axis (ex: bet radius and scaphoid and lunate bones of carpus)
- Saddle- allows movement around 3 axis (ex: bet trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb )
- Ball and socket- allows the most movement (ex: shoulder- has the most range of motion of any joint in the body)
Categories of joint movements
- Gliding- relatively flat bone surfaces move back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another
- Angular movements- there is an increase or a decrease in the angle between articulating bones
- Rotation- a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
- Special movements
