Test 2 Flashcards
Drawing’s Space
A two-dimensional surface where we arrange Elements of Design (lines, shapes, values, textures, colors, and space)
Verlapping definition
Shapes that partially obscure other shapes are seen as being closer in space
Relative position definition
Shapes on a ground plane that are positioned lower in the picture are seen as closer than those higher up
Diagonals definition
Forms positioned diagonally across the picture appear to recede in depth while vertical or horizontal forms do not
Chiaroscuro (kee-ah-roh-SKOOR-oh) definition
The gradual blending of light and shade to create a three-dimensional illusion
Atmospheric perspective definition
Closer volumes are generally described with stronger contrasts of value and sharper edge detail and more distant forms have progressively less contrast and softer edge detail
Linear perspective definition
A heightened three-dimensional illusion of form and shape
Linear perspective incorporates what interrelated optical phenomena?
- Diminution: Objects of equal size appear smaller as their distance from the observer increases
- Foreshortened: Edges and planes appear longest when they are parallel to the picture plane
- If viewed obliquely, these edges and planes will appear shorter - Convergence: Edges and planes that are parallel to each other in physical reality, appear to com together toward a common point as they recede in depth
Station Point (S.P.)
The fixed position of the one eye of the observer
- position from which the subject is seen
Eye level (E.L.)
A horizontal plane through the station point (sp)
- Sometimes referred to as the horizon line
Picture plane (P.P.)
An imaginary transparent plane that sits between the observer and subject, which is always perpendicular to the central visual ray (cvr)
Central visual ray (C.V.R.)
The fixed direction of viewing, expressed as a single imaginary line from the station point (sp) which is always perpendicular to the picture plane (pp)
Visual ray (V.R.)
The theoretical path of a light ray
- an imaginary straight line
Vanishing point (V.P.)
The point where receding parallel lines appear to converge
Angle of vision (< of vision)
The limitation of how much of the field of vision is included in the drawing
- both height and width
When to use one-point perspective (parallel perspective)
When drawing rectangular solids that have facing planes that are parallel to the picture plane
- all receding edges converge to the same vanishing point
- vanishing point located on eye level
Perspective in other words
point of view
Linear perspective
Establishes the relationship in space between the viewer and the subject
Perspective grid
a matrix made up of lines on paper that converge to vanishing points
Perspective midpoint
The center point of a shape (typically square of rectangular) when seen foreshortened
- can be found with an “X” from each corner
Measuring lines
Used when there is odd numbered divisions on a receding plane
Inclined planes
Like ramps and stairways, will converge to their own vanishing point
Two-point perspective (angular perspective) is used when
When drawing rectangular solids or interior spaces viewed diagonally
- no planes are parallel to picture plane
Three-point perspective (oblique perspective) is used when
when a viewer’s head is tilted up or down
- the picture plan tilts along with the viewers head, remaining perpendicular to the central visual ray
- vertical edges will recede from the picture plane toward a third vanishing point located either above or below eye level
Zenith
In a three-point perspective when vanishing point is above eye level when looking up
Nadir
In a three-point perspective when vanishing point is below eye level when looking down
Factors to consider when evaluating your drawing
- Composition
- Proportional relationships
- Shapes
- Line quality
- Space and perspective
- Value
- Color
- Media and presentation
