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P&A > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of the structure of an organism and the
relationships of its parts?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

What is the study of the functions of living organisms and
their parts.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What are the smallest “living” units of structure and
function found in the human body?

A

cells

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4
Q

What is the part of the scientific method used to ensure
that the test situation is not affecting the results?

A

experimental control

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5
Q

The dorsal cavities that house the brain and the spinal
cord are?

A

the cranial cavity (for the brain) and the spinal cavity (for the spinal cord)

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6
Q

The plane of the body that divides the body or any of its
parts into front and back portions is called?

A

Frontal Plane

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7
Q

The activation of platelets to become increasingly sticky in
response to damage to a blood vessel is an example of
what type of feedback loop?

A

Positive Feedback Loop

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8
Q

The excretion of larger than usual volumes of urine when
the volume of fluid in the body is greater than the normal,
ideal amount, is an example of what type of feedback
loop?

A

Negative Feedback Loop

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9
Q

What is the unique type of sagittal plane in the body that
divides the body into two equal halves.

A

Midsaggital Plane

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10
Q

There are four abdominopelevic quadrants in the body.
Which quadrant is the stomach found in?

A

left upper quadrant

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11
Q

The position of the body in which the body is positioned
with the face down is known as?

A

Prone Position

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12
Q

The position of the body in which the body is in an erect or
standing posture with the arms at the sides and the palms
turned forward; head forward; feet forward and aligned at
the toe is called?

A

Anatomical Position

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13
Q

Substances whose molecules have more than one
element in them are called:

A

Compounds

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14
Q

When water is the solvent for a mixture, the mixture is
called an:

A

aqueous solution

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15
Q

Orange juice has a pH of 2.8 and would be considered
what type of inorganic compound according to the pH
scale?

A

An Acid because its ph is less than 7

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16
Q

Milk of Magnesia has a pH of 10.5 and would be
considered what type of inorganic compound according to
the pH scale?

A

A base or an alkaline

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17
Q

Which lipid molecule forms the foundation for the cell
membrane?

A

Phospholipids

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18
Q

Substances that are considered “pure” and are composed
of only one type of atom are called?

A

Element

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19
Q

Muscle tissue that when viewed under a microscope is
characterized by having multiple nuclei per cell and many
cross striations giving it a banded appearance is called?

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

( Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei located near the cell membrane, and their organized internal structure creates visible striations or bands when viewed under a microscope)

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20
Q

The most unusual type of connective tissue because its
matrix blood plasma is liquid is called:

A

Blood

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21
Q

What two body systems help maintain the proper pH of
body fluids?

A

Respiratory and urinary System

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22
Q

The important part of the cell contains most of the cell’s
genetic material and controls the complex process of cell
reproduction is called?

A

The Nucleus

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23
Q

A single projection extending from the cell surface;
structurally similar to cilia but much longer, that move and
propel the cell are called?

A

Flagellum

(Flagella are essentially long, whip-like structures that are used for cell locomotion, and while similar to cilia in structure, they are significantly longer and typically only one or a few are present on a cell.)

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24
Q

The active transport mechanism used to incorporate fluids
or dissolved substances into cells by trapping them in a
pocket of plasma membrane that pinches off int the cell to
form a vesicle; and contains a Greek word part that means
“drink” is called:

A

Pinocytosis

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25
Q

The active transport process in which an object or
substance moves into the plasma membrane and into the
cytoplasm through a process where the cell engulfs or
“eats” large particles is called:

A

endocytosis

26
Q

What is the name of the molecule that contains the genetic
code, whose structure resembles a long, narrow ladder
made of pliable material; has two cross-linked strands that
twist round and round and resemble the shape of a double
helix?

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

27
Q

The nucleic acid that is molecule that serves as the
temporary working copy of the genetic code is called:

A

RNA

28
Q

Name all of the chemical bonds.

A

ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds, and hydrogen bonds

29
Q

Which chemical bond easily dissociate in water because
water molecules are attracted to ions and wedge between
the ions – thus forcing them apart?

A

ionic bonds

30
Q

What is the name of the fluid material between the cells
also known as the ECM?

A

ExtraCellular Matrix

31
Q

Fluid found outside of the cell also known as tissue fluid is
called?

A

interstitial fluid

32
Q

What are the 8 different types of connective tissue?

A
33
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

34
Q

Name the type of tissue that is responsible for providing
rapid communication between body structures to control
body functions and thus maintain homeostasis?

A

Nervous Tissue

35
Q

What is the name of the process in mitosis in which the
chromatin becomes “organized” and condenses to form
chromosomes?

A

Prophase

36
Q

What is the name of the part of the life cycle of the cell in
which a cell is not dividing, but instead going about its
usual functions?

A

Interphase

37
Q

What is the part of mitosis in which the spindle fibers
attach to each chromatid and chromosomes align across
the center of the cell?

A

Metaphase

38
Q

What is the part of mitosis in which cell division is
complete, two nuclei appear, and chromosomes become
less distinct and appear to break up?

A

Telophase

39
Q

What is the part of mitosis in which the centromeres that
hold together the paired chromatids break apart; the
individual chromatids are once again chromosomes and
move away from the center of the cell; and a cleavage
furrow develops that begins to divide the plasma
membrane and cytoplasm into two daughter cells can be
seen for the first time at the end?

A

anaphase

40
Q

The heart and lungs are located in which cavity of the
body?

A

Thoracic

41
Q

Name the part of the atom that is composed of positively
charged protons and uncharged neutrons.

A

The Nucleus

42
Q

Name the protein that is a catalyst and assists chemical
reactions to occur, but is not a reactant or product.

A

an enzyme

43
Q

Name the proteins that are shaped in ways to allow them
to form essential structures of the body.

A

collagen, keratin, actin, myosin, and tubulin

44
Q

Proteins that have shapes that enable them to participate
in chemical processes of the body; includes some of the
hormones, growth factors; cell membrane channels; and
receptors.

A

Functional Proteins

45
Q

What is the name of the major part of the cell that
synthesizes ATP, and is known as the cells “power plants”
or “battery chargers”?

A

the mitochondria

46
Q

Hydrogen is an example of what unique property of two
atoms having the same atomic number but different
atomic masses?

A

isotopes

47
Q

What is the process of dividing the replicated DNA of the
nucleus in an orderly way so that each resulting daughter
cell has a complete identical set?

A

Mitosis

48
Q

The connective tissue layer of serous membranes that is
thin, and glue-like; holds and supports the epithelial cells
is called:

A

Serosa

49
Q

Name the membrane that is referred to as the primary
organ of the integumentary system.

A

The Epidermis

50
Q

If blood oxygen levels decrease, or actual blood flow to a
body part is dramatically reduced, the skin could develop
this condition resulting in a bluish gray color.

A

Cyanosis

51
Q

Which burn is characterized by complete destruction of the
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?

A

Third Degree Burn

52
Q

According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage of the
total skin area covers the front and back of the trunk and
each lower extremity, including the front and back
surfaces?

A

54%

53
Q

The type of skin cancer that once was associated mainly
with certain ethnic groups, but now also appears in many
cases of immune deficiency is called?

A

Kaposi sarcoma

54
Q

Considered the most serious form of skin cancer as it
sometimes develops from benign or noncancerous
pigmented moles is called:

A

Melanoma

55
Q

Sebum is secreted by which type of skin gland?

A

sebaceous glands

56
Q

What are the warning signs of Melanoma?

A

ABCDE
Asymetry Border Color Diameter Evolving

57
Q

What are the primary organs of the digestive system?

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon)

58
Q

What are the major glands of the endocrine system?

A

the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas (specifically the islet cells), ovaries (in females), testes (in males), pineal gland, and the hypothalamus

59
Q

Name the type of epithelial tissue that is found in the body
organs that need to expand and must be able to stretch.

A

transitional epithelium

60
Q

Name the four forms of passive transport

A

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

P&A (1 decks)

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