TEST 2 Flashcards
what is the positioning called when the image is from back to front (taken with board placed in front of Pt)
Posteroanterior (PA)
Right lateral decubitus and oblique (turned) positions are mainly used in
children
in kids and adults, X Rays are the GOLD standard for determining what?
Et tube placement
What disease process does widened intercostal spaces and flattened diaphragm indicate
Asthma
Inspiratory pauses allow for
Better image/evaluation of the lungs in an x-ray, (especially in infants)
besides ETT, chest x rays are used as a diagnostic tool to assess the placement of
lines, drains, and tubes
what three things can you identify on a lateral decubitus x-ray
air, fluid or foreign body aspiration in the pleural space
on X-rays, kids oblique positioning is mainly for determining what
Rib fractures
Any head flexion of pt can cause ____ to move and migrate into the __
ETT, trachea and the tip is positioned at carina or within bronchus
the ETT will appear deeper with
any variation of pt neck placement
For head extension, you should place the ET tube:
superiorly and place tip of tube above the thoracic inlet
tips of lines/drains should be seen where on an xray
In the stomach, below the left hemidiaphragm
UVC are used for
giving fluid and medicines
UVA is used for
drawing blood in babies, can get ABG
a central venous catheter (PICC line) rests in
the right atrium of the heart
If any central venous line/PICC line migrates it can cause
Arrhythmias/SVTs
MRI has no risk of any
Ionizing radiation
You can administer medications through
PICC line
finger probe has two sides of independent LED light source, they are
One is red and the other infrared
to get the fastest/most reliable SpO2 reading, you should put it on the
Right hand
a factor that affects the accuracy of the probe is
Poor skin integrity
what does Co2/capnometry measure on a patient? what is it useful in
Ventilation; resuscitation/ROSC
capnometry measures a patients
PetCO2 (partial pressure of end tidal co2)
where does the eTCO2 go? [pressure waveform graph labeled A. B. C. D. E.].
eTCO2 goes with D.
what is indicated when you have periods of apnea and no more end tidal readings?
a dislodged ET tube
what type of monitoring is useful when monitoring changes in CO2 while using nonconventional ventilation
Transcutaneous Monitoring (TCM)
two hazards of ABG analysis in kids include
Thromboses and arterial spasm
where is the best procedure site for an abg on infant/neonate, and should you warm or cool it first?
heel of foot, warm the heel (pro tip: use 2 warmers)
what is capillary blood gas analysis’ disadvantage compared to ABG
Oxygenation status varies
what is one hazard/complication of Peripheral Artery Catheter’s
Thrombosis
Transcutaneous monitoring of is very useful for monitoring any changes in
Co2 with non conventional ventilation
Below heart
post ductal
CAP gasses will not correlate with
O2, because it is basically a venous gas
umbilical artery catheters (UAC) are placed in
newborns umbilicus
Complications of UAC’s include
Thrombosis and infection
what are some complications of central lines
pneumothorax, arrhythmias, thrombosis
what type of ETT’s are used in kids <8yrs
uncuffed
what is the primary parameter for selecting ETT
age is the primary parameter
kids >2; round down
can head flexion or extension cause the tip of the ETT to move, even if secured
yes
suction pressures
neonates 60-80
infants 80-100
kids 100-120
adults 100-150
an infants trachea bifurcates at the carina @T4-T6, and gets intubated between which vertabrae
T4-T6 vertebrae (T4 - neonates, T6 infants); anywhere else causes hyperinflation of the R lung
impedance pneumography device
monitors changes in breathing activity, disadvantage: accuracy issues
on monitor in ICU what does the RED waveform show? Yellow waveform?
BP - red
CVC - Yellow
Swan Ganz catheter
used in critically ill PTs to monitor hemodynamics on the LEFT side, can increase PEEP
what can’t a pulse ox measure
ventilation
pre-ductal on R hand on babies, when?
after birth
how high above the carina should the ETT be kept
4cm
above heart
pre-ductal
when assessing a PT for a P.E (kids/babies) on an xray
R lateral decubitus
Anterior oblique (45*) positioning for chest X-rays is used for taking xrays of
babies
can a MRI show soft tissue
yes
Endobronchial intubation is also called
R mainstem intubation
best ABG access site for neonates
behind knee (post-tibial)
