test 2

Question 1

Racial Democracy

Answer 1

refers to the idea of a society without racial prejudice or discrimination, often linked to Brazil. Critics, however, believe this hides real racial inequalities.

Question 2

mestizo

Answer 2

the label applied to mixed indigenous and European heritage people

Question 3

Yuma

Answer 3

Americans or foreigners from any non-Spanish-speaking country

Question 4

Meanings of race

Answer 4

a basis for discrimination and stereotypes, perceptions of race can vary depending on cultural backgrounds and personal experiences

Question 5

Anthropology and race

Answer 5

anthropology helped create the racial categories, two main viewpoints: lighter races were superior and races were unchanging vs the status of darker races could change; race interpretations are culturally influenced

Question 6

Racial Constructions in America

Answer 6

different ways societies in America perceive and classify race, whiteness, and blackness can have different meanings in multiple contexts

Question 7

economy

Answer 7

cultural adaptation to the environment that enables a group of humans to use the available resources to satisfy their needs

Question 8

agriculture

Answer 8

an intensive farming strategy for food production involving permanently cultivated land to create a surplus

Question 8

industrial agriculture

Answer 8

an intensive farming practice involving mechanization and mass production of foodstuffs

Question 9

reciprocity

Answer 9

the exchange of resources, goods, and services, among people of relatively equal to create and reinforce social ties

Question 10

colonialism

Answer 10

This is about how countries expand their political, economic, and military influence beyond their borders for a long time, to get access to things like raw materials, inexpensive workers, and markets in other regions.

Question 11

The triangle trade

Answer 11

the extensive exchange of slaves, people, sugar, cotton, and first between Europe, Africa, and the Americans, which transformed economic, political, and social life on both sides of the Atlantic

Question 12

Development

Answer 12

A strategy after World War II by rich countries aimed to boost global economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve living standards. This was done through strategic investment in the national economies of former colonies.

Question 13

Neocolonialism

Answer 13

a continued pattern of unequal economic relations between former colonial states, and former colonies, despite the formal and of colonial political and military control

Question 14

Underdevelopment

Answer 14

the term used to suggest that poor countries are poor as a result of their relationship to an unbalanced global economic system

Question 15

Fordism

Answer 15

the dominant model of industrial production for much of the 20th century, based on a social compact in labor corporations in the government

Question 16

Capital

Answer 16

any asset, employed, or capable of being deployed to produce wealth

Question 17

BANDS

Answer 17

A small kinship-based group of foragers who hunt and gather for a living over a particular territory.

Question 18

State

Answer 18

An autonomous regional structure of political, economic, and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory

Question 18

Tribe ( why is it a problematic term )

Answer 18

The term “tribe” can be problematic because it is often used to describe indigenous groups in a manner that may inadvertently marginalize or oversimplify their complex political structures and cultural practices. It may also imply a primitive or uncivilized status.

Question 19

MILITARIZATION

Answer 19

The contested social process through which a civil society organizes for the production of military violence.

Question 20

AGENCY

Answer 20

the potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power.

Question 21

SOCIAL MOVEMENT

Answer 21

Collective group actions that seek to build institutional networks to transform cultural patterns and government policies

Question 21

Chiefdom

Answer 21

where one person (or a group of people) has the power to make political and economic decisions for many communities.

Question 21

Pastoralism

Answer 21

A form of agriculture where animals are raised to produce commodities such as meat, milk, or fiber.

Question 22

Horticulture

Answer 22

A branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, and business of plant cultivation.

Question 23

Food Foragers

Answer 23

Pre-agricultural people who sustain themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects.

Question 24

Proletariat

Answer 24

The working class or lower class in a society, especially those who lack ownership of the means of production.