test 2 Flashcards
Racial Democracy
refers to the idea of a society without racial prejudice or discrimination, often linked to Brazil. Critics, however, believe this hides real racial inequalities.
mestizo
the label applied to mixed indigenous and European heritage people
Yuma
Americans or foreigners from any non-Spanish-speaking country
Meanings of race
a basis for discrimination and stereotypes, perceptions of race can vary depending on cultural backgrounds and personal experiences
Anthropology and race
anthropology helped create the racial categories, two main viewpoints: lighter races were superior and races were unchanging vs the status of darker races could change; race interpretations are culturally influenced
Racial Constructions in America
different ways societies in America perceive and classify race, whiteness, and blackness can have different meanings in multiple contexts
economy
cultural adaptation to the environment that enables a group of humans to use the available resources to satisfy their needs
agriculture
an intensive farming strategy for food production involving permanently cultivated land to create a surplus
industrial agriculture
an intensive farming practice involving mechanization and mass production of foodstuffs
reciprocity
the exchange of resources, goods, and services, among people of relatively equal to create and reinforce social ties
colonialism
This is about how countries expand their political, economic, and military influence beyond their borders for a long time, to get access to things like raw materials, inexpensive workers, and markets in other regions.
The triangle trade
the extensive exchange of slaves, people, sugar, cotton, and first between Europe, Africa, and the Americans, which transformed economic, political, and social life on both sides of the Atlantic
Development
A strategy after World War II by rich countries aimed to boost global economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve living standards. This was done through strategic investment in the national economies of former colonies.
Neocolonialism
a continued pattern of unequal economic relations between former colonial states, and former colonies, despite the formal and of colonial political and military control
Underdevelopment
the term used to suggest that poor countries are poor as a result of their relationship to an unbalanced global economic system
Fordism
the dominant model of industrial production for much of the 20th century, based on a social compact in labor corporations in the government
Capital
any asset, employed, or capable of being deployed to produce wealth
BANDS
A small kinship-based group of foragers who hunt and gather for a living over a particular territory.
State
An autonomous regional structure of political, economic, and military rule with a central government authorized to make laws and use force to maintain order and defend its territory
Tribe ( why is it a problematic term )
The term “tribe” can be problematic because it is often used to describe indigenous groups in a manner that may inadvertently marginalize or oversimplify their complex political structures and cultural practices. It may also imply a primitive or uncivilized status.
MILITARIZATION
The contested social process through which a civil society organizes for the production of military violence.
AGENCY
the potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power.
SOCIAL MOVEMENT
Collective group actions that seek to build institutional networks to transform cultural patterns and government policies
Chiefdom
where one person (or a group of people) has the power to make political and economic decisions for many communities.
Pastoralism
A form of agriculture where animals are raised to produce commodities such as meat, milk, or fiber.
Horticulture
A branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, and business of plant cultivation.
Food Foragers
Pre-agricultural people who sustain themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering wild edible plants and insects.
Proletariat
The working class or lower class in a society, especially those who lack ownership of the means of production.
