Test 2 Flashcards
Importance of play
why is indoor and outdoor play VERY IMPORTANT
Children learn through play
For children, play is often talked about as if it were a relief from serious learning.
What can be said about this
For children, play IS serious learning
How do you define play
through the characteristics of play
Why is defining play not an easy task
it’s easy to recognize but hard to define
Characteristics of play (5)
- Play is voluntary + chosen by the child
- Play is meaningful to children
- Play is pleasurable and enjoyable for the child
- Play involves make belief/pretend
- Play is fun
Context of play (3)
Social, temporal, and physical
Social (context of play)
with whom he plays (siblings, parents, and classmates)
Temporal (context of play)
time to do the negotiating, planning, and development required for play
Physical (context of play)
where he plays; a classroom, a playground or at home
Continuously keep playing; a matter of ____________ for children
Continuously keep playing; a matter of relaxation for children
What can be said about the floor plan
Don’t divide randomly → use the formula
Ancient theories of play (4)
- The surplus energy theory
- The relaxation and recreation theories
- The practice theory
- The recapitulation theory
The surplus energy theory
play is a mechanism for burning off excess energy
The relaxation and recreation theories
play meets an adult’s need for relaxation after a hard days work.
The practice theory
play allows children to practise adult activities
The recapitulation theory
Children are the link in the evolutionary chain between animals and adults
- In play, children go through or recapitulate all the steps humans passed before reaching their current evolutionary stage.
Freud’s theory of play (3)
- play has an anxiety release and wishful fulfillment functions
- Allows the child to release from the real world + opportunity to express impulses and wishes that are not acceptable in the real world
- Play is healing → permits children to relieve frustration and express their emotions
Play therapy evolved from the who’s theory of play
+ what can be said about it
the Freudian view of play
+ remains a common and powerful tool in therapeutic and Hospital settings
Piaget’s theory of play (2)
- Saw play as pure simulation
- In play, the child assimilates a person, an event, or an object into current schemes or ways of thinking
Piaget’s theory of play: Play changes with age (3)
- Practice play (birth to 2 years)
- Symbolic play (2 to 7 years)
- Games with rules (7 to 11 years)
Practice play (birth to 2 years)
(4)
- Play is physical, not symbolic
- Practice play → the term used to describe the repeated actions of the infant
- The infant repeats the behavior that once was difficult + takes pleasure in mastering the skill
- As motor development becomes refined → babies use practice, trial and error + experimentation to gain control over the environment
Symbolic play (2 to 7 years)
- Symbolic play becomes possible as the children can mentally represent objects, events, and people
- pretend play common during this period, and it becomes more social in nature, progressing from solitary to group pretend play
Games with rules (7 to 11 years)
- Games with rules become possible once concrete operations are achieved in children
- Initiate an interest in organized games with simple rules
- The rules become more complex as a child’s cognitive capacities become more advanced
Vygotsky’s theory of play
- Saw the emotional side of play, the imaginary, illusory realization of unrealized desires
- Like Piaget, also side the cognitive side of play