Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organizational Behavior > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

Test 2

1
Q

Perception

A

A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Attention

A

to select the information form the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Salience

A

How much an object/stimuli stands out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bottom-Up

A

characteristics of the objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of Bottom-Up

A

Brightness, Rarity, Novelty, intensity, & motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Top-Down

A

Characteristics of the Perceiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of Top-Down

A

Goals, motivation, and biases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Categorization

A

The process of organizing people and objects into preconceived categories that are stored in our long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stereotyping

A

Assigning traits to people based on social category membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Attribution Process

A

Deciding wether an observed behavior or event is caused by internal or external factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Correspondent Inferences

A

Judgment wether people’s charcter correspond to what we have observed in their actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

The tendency to perceive the causes of another person’s actions as different from the causes of your personal actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Self-Serving Bias

A

When something good happens, you attribute it to internal factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conformation Bias

A

The tendency to screen out information that is contradictory to decisions, beliefs, values, and assumptions, and readily accept information that is confirming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Availability Bias

A

Judgements are affected based upon what most readily comes into a person’s mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contrast Effects

A

Making a comparison based upon what happened just before we make a decision or judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Self-Fulling Prophecy

A

The tendency for someone’s expectations about another to cause that individual to behave in a manner consistent with those expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Halo Effect

A

Occurs when a person makes a general assessment of another person or object, and then uses this general impression to interpret everything else about that person or object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

False-Consensus Effect

A

When people overestimate the extent to which others have similar beliefs or behaviors to their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary Effect

A

The tendency to quickly form an opinion of people on the basis of the first information we received about them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Recency Effect

A

The tendency for most recent items or experiences to be remembered best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complexity (Self-Concept)

A

The number of distinct and important roles or identities that people percieve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Consistency (Self-Concept)

A

the degree of compatibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clarity (Self-Concept)

A

The degree to which you have clear, confidently defined, and stable self-conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Self-Esteem

A

extent to which you like, respect, and are satisfied with yourself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

a belief that you can successfully complete a task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Locus of Control

A

your general belief about the amount of control you have over personal life events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Subjective Expected Utility

A

The probability of satisfaction from choosing an alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bounded Rationality

A

the way that humans make decisions that depart from perfect economic rationality since we are limited by our mental capacity, the information available to us, and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Maximizing

A

seeking the best option through an exhaustive search through alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sacrifice

A

Not doing something because the alternative was chosen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Intuition

A

The ability to know when a problem or opportunity exist to select the best course of action without consciously reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Action Scripts

A

programmed decision routines that speed up our responses to pattern (mis)matches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Implicit Favorite

A

The preferred alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Conformation Bias

A

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

make decision based on what is easier to count or imagine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic

A

influenced by initial anchor points given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Escalation of Commitment

A

generally tend to be overconfident about estimates or forecasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Suck Cost Fallacy

A

sticking with a losing or failed venture because you’ve already invested a significant amount of time, money, or other resources that you can’t get back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Framing

A

pay more attention to wether someone resembles instead of the probability of the stats

41
Q

Prospect Theory

A

harder to make decision when losing something

42
Q

Ethics

A

The study. of moral principles or values that determine wether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad

43
Q

Moral Intesity

A

the degreee to which an issue demands the application of ethical principles

44
Q

Ethical Sensitivity

A

a personal chacteristic that enables people to recongize the presences of an ethical issue and determine its relative importance

45
Q

Someone with high high ethical sensitivity is better at judging intensity?

A

True

46
Q

Euphemistic Language

A

using strategic language that makes something sound better than it is

47
Q

Example of Euphemistic Language

A

Layoff vs Firing

48
Q

Mindfulness

A

consciously thinking about wether actions might be unethical

49
Q

Moral Justification

A

unethical behavior is thought to be okay because it contributes to some socially valued outcomes

50
Q

Example of Moral Justification

A

Robinhood stealing from the rich to give to the poor

51
Q

Advantageous Comparison

A

Comparing your own behavior to more reprehensible behavior

52
Q

Example of Advantageous Comparison

A

Comparing the amount of water I use compared to a farm

53
Q

Displacement of Responsibility

A

reducing personal accountability by thinking of actions as resulting from an authority figures dictates

54
Q

Example of Displacement of Responsibility

A

Boss telling you to fudge the numbers

55
Q

Diffusion of Responsibility

A

reducing personal responsibility by looking to others involved

56
Q

Example of Diffusion of Responsibility

A

everyone else is doing it

57
Q

Distorting Consequences

A

Thinking of negative consequences as less serious than they are

58
Q

Example of Distorting Consequences

A

I only cheated because I will never use this subject

59
Q

Dehumanization

A

making those who would be harmed less worthy of ethical consideration because they’re though to be different, stupid or less human

60
Q

Example of Dehumanization

A

Holocaust

61
Q

Attribution of Blame

A

laying blame on the victims of harm

62
Q

Example of Attribution of Blame

A

Pointing finger at others

63
Q

Teleological Approaches

A

Actions are right or wrong based on their consequences

64
Q

Types of Teleological Approaches

A

Utilitarianism, Egoism, & Ethics of Care

65
Q

Utilitarianism

A

seeking the greatest good for the greatest number of people

66
Q

Egoism

A

acting consistently with one’s own self-interests is ethical, with individual consequences taking priority, regardless of consequences to others

67
Q

Ethic of Care

A

acting responsibility towards others, attending to other’s well-being, and not harming others

68
Q

Types of Deontological Approaches

A

Individual Rights, Distributive Justice, Virtue Ethics

68
Q

Deontological Approaches

A

Actions are based on obligation

69
Q

Individual Rights

A

belief that everyone had entitlements that let her/him act in a certain way

70
Q

Distributive Justice

A

People who’s are similar should receive similar benefits and burdens

71
Q

Virtue Ethics

A

Flows from the disposition and internal qualities of individuals who consistently strive to lead a moral/ethical life

72
Q

Identity

A

a person’s unique sense of self

73
Q

Process Losses

A

Resources expended towards team development and maintenance rather than the task

74
Q

Social Loafing

A

Exerting less effort when working in teams than when working alone

75
Q

Pooled (Task Interdependence)

A

Shared Resources used by all

76
Q

Sequential (Task Interdependence)

A

Assembly line

77
Q

Reciprocal (Task Interdependence)

A

Parts of the task are consistently being moved between members and could be brought back tot the same person

78
Q

Faultlines

A

Hypoyhetical dividing lines that split a group into relatively similar subgroups based on group members’ demographic alignment along multiple attributes

79
Q

Team Cohesion

A

The degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members

80
Q

Team Norms

A

informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the behavior of their members

81
Q

Team Mental Models

A

team member’s’ shared, organized understanding and mental representation of knowledge about key elements if the teams relevant environment

82
Q

Production Blocking

A

a time constraint that results because only one person can talk at a time

83
Q

Evaluation Apprehension

A

Individuals are reluctant to mention ideas that seem silly because they believe that other team members are silently evaluating them

84
Q

Groupthink

A

the tendency to value consensus

85
Q

Task Roles

A

Completing the task at hand

86
Q

Maintenance Roles

A

maintaining relationships and communication within the team

87
Q

Trust

A

The willingness to take a risk based on positive expectations of someone, regardless of your ability to monitor that person

88
Q

Ability (Trust)

A

wether we believe they are capable to complete the task

89
Q

Benevolence (Trust)

A

Acting in my best interest

90
Q

Integrity (Trust)

A

Ethical

91
Q

Creativity

A

The production of novel and useful ideas

92
Q

Innovation

A

Successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization

93
Q

System 1 Processing

A

Implicit, Automatic, Unconscious

94
Q

System 2 Processing

A

Explicit, Controlled, Conscious

95
Q

Components of Creativity

A

Creative Skills, Expertise, & Task Motivation

96
Q

Creative Skills

A

mix of unchanging traits in personality

97
Q

Expertise

A

acquired skills

98
Q

task motivation

A

a reason to be creative

Organizational Behavior (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions