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GEOSPHERE > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

An opening exposed on the earth’s where volcanic material is emitted

A

Volcanic vent

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2
Q

magma that has a high viscosity and high silica and gas content; eruption tends to be very explosive- this is usually associated with supervolcanoes like Yellowstone

A

Rhyolitic magma

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3
Q

huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountian

A

Caldera

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4
Q

An opening exposed on the earth’s surface where volcanic material is emitted

A

Volcanic vent

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5
Q

magma that is a mix of basaltic and rhyolitic; eruption may or may not be explosive (usually dangerous though)

A

andesitic magma

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6
Q

the smallest type of tephra

A

volcanic ash and dust

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7
Q

Largest volcano in the solar system and type

A

Olympus Mons- Shield Volcano on Mars

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8
Q

locations where plumes of magma burn through the earth’s surface even though it is NOT on a plate boundary

A

hot spot volcanism

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9
Q

Mt. St. Helens is an example of this kind of volcanism

A

convergent volcanism

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10
Q

More viscous (thicker or stickier) lavas, musch more explosive eruptions; tall with steep sides, these are the most common large cones

A

Composite or Stratovolcano

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11
Q

magma with the least amount of silica, rarely explosive eruption- the magma is the hottest and the runniest

A

basaltic magma

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12
Q

describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam

A

volcanism

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13
Q

where plates separate, magma rises to fill gaps

A

divergent volcanism

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14
Q

type of volcanism that occurs due to subduction

A

convergent volcanism

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15
Q

Hawaii is an example of this kind of volcanism

A

hot spot volcanism

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16
Q

bowl or circular shaped depression around the vent

A

volcanic crater

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17
Q

an underground pool that holds magma, below a volcano

A

magma chamber

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18
Q

gently sloping sides, quiet eruptions, magma is very runny (low viscosity)

A

shield volcano

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19
Q

a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent; they can occur anywhere

A

cinder cone

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20
Q

lava that is sharp when cool and crumbles into large jagged chunks

A

aa lava

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21
Q

bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks

A

tephra

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22
Q

pebble like bits of magma that cool in the air

A

lapilli

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23
Q

a violent type of mudflow coming from the melted snow or glacier on the top of a volcano; it often kills many more people and animals than the eruption itself

A

Lahar

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24
Q

ocean to continent convergence is usually associated with this type of magma

A

andestic

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25
Q

ocean plate hotspot volcanism or ocean to ocean convergence or ocean to ocean divergence is associated with this type of magma chamber

A

basaltic

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26
Q

continental plate hotspot volcanism is associated with this type of magma chamber

A

rhyolitic

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27
Q

widest of all volcanoes

A

shield volcano

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28
Q

ring of fire volcanic cone type

A

composite

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29
Q

crater formed after the collapse of an emptied magma chamber

A

caldera

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30
Q

built from nonexplosive eruptions and has gently sloping sides

A

shield volcano

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31
Q

composite volcano also known as

A

stratovolcano

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32
Q

a volcano built up of alternate layers of lava/ash with explosive eruptions

A

stratovolcano

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33
Q

ropy, basaltic lava flow

A

pahoehoe

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34
Q

rhyolitic magma is think and sticky because

A

of high silica content, it forms from melted continental crust

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35
Q

low viscosity, high temps, and low silica

A

basaltic magma

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36
Q

three types of magma are

A

basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

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37
Q

low viscosity magma is associated with

A

high temps, less trapped gas, and lower silica content

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38
Q

the viscosity of magma depends on

A

temp and silica levels

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39
Q

stratovolcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent (subduction zone) O:C

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40
Q

shield volcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent O:O or hot spot under oceanic plate

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41
Q

What is Lapilli

A

bits of lava that hardens in the air, like pebbles

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42
Q

ash, blocks, and bombs are pieces of

A

tephra

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43
Q

a mudflow composed of pyroclastic material and water

A

lahar

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44
Q

superheated gas and ash that speeds downhill from an eruption

A

nuee ardent

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45
Q

How many major eruptions has Yellowstone Caldera have over the years?

A

3

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46
Q

what national park is actually a supervolcano

A

Yellowstone

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47
Q

Produces aa and pahoe pahoe lava

A

shield

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48
Q

what is magma

A

molten rock inside earth

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49
Q

what is lava

A

molten rock that flows onto the Earth’s surface

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50
Q

second most explosive type of volcano, like Dante’s Peak

A

Composite/Stratovolcano

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51
Q

stratovolcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent (subduction) O:C

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52
Q

Volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries are associated with

A

hot spots

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53
Q

elements associated with Basaltic Magma are dense and dark. What are the 3 main elements in this type of magma?

A

iron, magnesium, and calcium

54
Q

Elements associated with Rhyolitic Magma are light in color and low density. What do they have the highest percentage of

A

silicon and oxygen

55
Q

equation for silicon dioxide

A

SiO2

56
Q

which type of magma is in the middle, it is still has violent eruptions, but not like super eruption

A

Andesitic

57
Q

Dante’s Peak was loosely based on which volcanic eruption in the US

A

Mt. St. Helens

58
Q

5 parts that make a mineral

A

naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystal pattern, definite chemical composition

59
Q

cooling of magma or lava, precipitation from water, recrystallization from other minerals

A

minerals form from

60
Q

A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals

A

Mohs Hardness Scale

61
Q

The way a mineral reflects light from its surface

A

luster

62
Q

shiny like glass

A

vitreous luster

63
Q

shiny like metal

A

metallic luster

64
Q

the color of a mineral in powdered form that is sometimes different from the color of the mineral

A

streak

65
Q

the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces and form regular shapes every time it is broken

A

Cleavage

66
Q

Minerals that don’t form regular shapes when they break are said to have

A

fracture

67
Q

Relationship between temperature and volume

A

direct (higher temp, higher volume; lower temp, lower volume)

68
Q

Charles Law

A

V1/T1=V2/T2

69
Q

Force per unit

A

pressure

70
Q

relationship between pressure and volume

A

inverse (more volume, less pressure; less volume, more pressure)

71
Q

Boyles Law

A

P1V1=P2V2

72
Q

relationship between pressure and temperature

A

direct (higher temp, higher pressure; lower temp, lower pressure)

73
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

P1/T1=P2/T2

74
Q

Located in the top left of the element box on periodic table

A

atomic number

75
Q

Number across the columns (periodic table)

A

Group

76
Q

Number across the rows (periodic table)

A

Period

77
Q

Number of protons are equal to atomic number

A

True

78
Q

Mass number- protons=

A

neutrons

79
Q

Charge is also called

A

oxidation number

80
Q

Group 1 has a charge of

A

+1

81
Q

Group 2 has a charge of

A

+2

82
Q

Group 13 has a charge of

A

+3

83
Q

Group 15 has a charge of

A

-3

84
Q

Group 16 has a charge of

A

-2

85
Q

Group 17 has a charge of

A

-1

86
Q

Group 18 has a charge of

A

0, has everything that they need

87
Q

Groups 3-12 are transitional metals so their charge

A

varies based off what it is paired with

88
Q

Group 14 have a charge of

A

+ or - 4

89
Q

Has 1 singular element

A

Elements

90
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Molecules

91
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Salts

92
Q

Have 2 or more different types of elements chemically bonded together

A

Compounds

93
Q

Salt is made distinct by repeating the pattern

A

NaClNaClNaCl

94
Q

Molecule can be just the formula

A

H2O

95
Q

Hydrogen

A

H+

96
Q

Sodium

A

Na+

97
Q

Potassium

A

K+

98
Q

Lithium

A

Li+

99
Q

Calcium

A

Ca+2

100
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg+2

101
Q

Barium

A

Ba+2

102
Q

Aluminum

A

Al+3

103
Q

Gallium

A

Ga+3

104
Q

Chlorine

A

Cl-

105
Q

Flourine

A

F-

106
Q

Bromine

A

Br-

107
Q

Iodine

A

I-

108
Q

Oxygen

A

O-2

109
Q

Sulfur

A

S-2

110
Q

Nitrogen

A

N-3

111
Q

Phosphorus

A

P-3

112
Q

Empirical Formulas

A

Balanced positive and negative ions

113
Q

Sodium and Chlorine

A

NaCl

114
Q

Calcium and Oxygen

A

CaO

115
Q

Barium and Flourine

A

BaF2

116
Q

Aluminum and Oxygen

A

Al2O3

117
Q

Some atoms bond together to form something that behaves like a single ion

A

polyatomic ions

118
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH^-

119
Q

Carbonate

A

CO3 ^-2

120
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3 ^-

121
Q

Sulfate

A

SO4 ^-2

122
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4 ^-3

123
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 ^+

124
Q

Organic Materials

A

what are bodies are made of

125
Q

smallest particle of elements

A

Atom

126
Q

cannot be broken down into simpler form

A

Element

127
Q

group of bonded atoms that act as a unit

A

Molecule

128
Q

chemical combination of 2+ different elements

A

Compound

129
Q

atoms with differing number of neutrons

A

isotope

130
Q

electronically charged particles with uneven number of protons and elctrons

A

Ions

GEOSPHERE (1 decks)

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