Test#2 Flashcards
Study
Mention three organisms that are filter feeding
Flamingos, some fish, and some birds
Mention two extra forms of foraging adapted by some organisms in water
-hand to mouth
-piercing belostomatidae
-collectors- caddisfly larvea: build nets for collecting plant material
Mention few tactics (strategies) used by organisms in the water to feed themselves
-pump filter feeding
-ram filter feeding
What are the four major habitats in lakes?
- Pelagic
- Littoral
- Benthic
- Aufwucks
What is the major problem encountered in trophic transfer?
Energy loss (up to 90%)
What is the prerequisite of the existence of plankton?
Flotation in water is the ability to remain suspended
Based on their body length put the following categories of organism in ascending order: algal cell, bacterium, fish, virus, zooplankton
virus, bacterium, algal cell, zooplankton, fish
A continuing flotation of zooplankton depends on one and only one parameter. what is it?
The Density of the organism being the same as that of the surrounding medium
Who are the primary producers?
A) Macrophytes
B) Periphyton
C) phytoplankton
Who are the secondary producers?
A) Benthic invertebrates
B) Zooplankton=Herbivores and/or carnivores
C) Nekton=zooplanktivorous and/or piscivorous
Match the words with the proper description:
1.Epilithic
2.Epiphytic
3.Epipelic
4.Epipsammic
A. Sand
B. Soft Sediments
C. On plants
D. Rocks
1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A
What are the biological interactions between plankton?
A) Resource depletion
B) Competition
C) Grazing
D) Predation
How do marine plankton equalize differences in density?
By maintaining isotonicity: changing the composition of their body fluids
What are the three main groups of the plankton community in fresh water?
A) Bacterioplankton
B) Phytoplankton
C) Zooplankton
What is the primary photosynthetic pigment of all plant?
Chlorophyll
Define “Ephippia”
Eggs of a dry-season with extra shell
Define “Parthenogenesis”
Hatch without fertilization by the same species-Asexual reproduction
Define “Aufwuchs”
Slime of algae, fungi, bacteria that grow on solids
Three kinds of Dial Vertical Migration (DVM) are related to predation. What are they?
A) One daily migration (big plankton avoiding vertebrate predation)
B) Two daily migrations (small zoops avoiding vertebrate + large invertebrate predators)
C) Reverse migration (small zoops avoiding invertebrate predation only)
Mention the main physical characteristics of the basic factors that determine lake biology
Temperature, light transparency, wave action, the total abundance of inorganic nutrients
Define “Pelagic zone”
Open water (deep water)
Define “Benthos”
Organisms that live above the sediment (supra-benthos), live on the sediment (epi-benthos), or live under the sediment (micro-benthos).
Define “Neuston”
Animals that under the top surface of the water (hyponeuston). Others live on the top surface water (epineuston).
Define “Littoral Zone”
Part of a body of water that is close to shore.
Light incidence >1%, plants (macrophyte).etc..
Describe the lake chemistry of Co2, O2, N2, P
Co2- Is organic or inorganically produced
Oxygen- Is influenced by the presence of external dynamics, wind etc…
N2- Denitrification on water surfaces
Phosphorus- Reduced by concentrations of +H
What is the major problem in trophic transfer?
Energy loss due to food web
Define “Exorheic”
Exorheic describes a drainage basin in which rivers and streams flow into an external body of water, such as an ocean or sea.
Define “Endorheic”
Endorheic refers to a drainage basin or watershed that does not have an outlet to the sea or ocean, with rivers and streams instead flowing into internal basins or lakes where water does not drain outwards.
Describe Liebig’s law of the minimum
Liebig’s Law of the Minimum posits that the growth and productivity of a system are limited by the availability of the scarcest resource, regardless of the abundance of other resources. This principle underscores the importance of addressing and optimizing the supply of the limiting factor to achieve maximum productivity in agriculture, ecology, and various other fields.
Define “Epilithic”
Epilithic describes organisms that inhabit or grow upon the surfaces of rocks or stones in aquatic environments.
Define “Epiphytic”
Epiphytic refers to plants or organisms that grow harmlessly upon the surface of other plants, typically trees, for physical support and access to light.
Define “Epipelic”
Epipelic pertains to microorganisms or organic matter living within the top layer of sediments at the bottom of aquatic environments such as lakes or ponds.
Define “Epipsammic”
Epipsammic refers to organisms or organic matter living on the surface of sand particles in aquatic environments, particularly in beach or intertidal zones.
Can you mention one or two abiotic and biotic factors?
-Abiotic factors: tempurature and mixing that influence the O2 content of lake water
-Biotic factors: photosunthesis and respiration that affect O2 solubility
