test 2 Flashcards
apical meristem
causes primary growth, occurs in tips of shoots and roots, produces new leaves and flowers, lateral growth
lateral meristems
causes secondary growth, occurs at the cambium, produces bark on trees
three types of ground tissue
parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue, sclerenchyma tissue
parenchyma tissue
in living thin-walled cells, has a loose stucture with intercellular airspace (potatoe)
collenchyma tissue
is an elongated cell wall with a thick living tissue (celery)
sclerenchyma tissue
dead support tissue with thick cell walls mostly is woody stems, cell shape; fibres and sclereids. pears
different types of soil
clay, loam, sand, silt
clay
less permeable, holds more water, smaller pores
sand
more permeable, holds less water, larger pores
what is the organic portion of soil
humus
monocot root
fiberous/adventitous roots, from the stem, phloem stayed around the edges
dicot root
tap root, from the embryonic root, phloem has a cross section
monocot stem
the vascular bundles are speratic
dicot stems
the phloem, xylem, and sclerenchyma are all in one called the vascular bundle around the edge of the stem
monocot leaf
parallel venation
dicot leaf
net/reticulate venation
adventitious roots
they dont grow from pre-existing root tissue, prop roots/stilt roots, pothos mint and corn
aerial roots
grows above ground
difference between a potato and sweet potato
potatoes are tubers, underground stem used to store sugar.
sweet potatoes are tuberous roots
what is the structure found in roots
pericycle
where do lateral roots originate
nodes
what are the structures found in leaves
upper and lower epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, and vascular bundles
different leaf arrangments
alternate, opposite, whorled
thornes
grows from the stem (mesquite tree)
spines
grows as in replacement for leaves (cacti)
prickles
grows anywhere
modified roots
storage, climbing, bulbs, thorns, tendrils
modified stems
rhizomes, tuber, corms, stolons, cladophlls
modified leaves
succulents, spines, tendrils, floral leaves
cotyledon
an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants
storage organs in plants
rhizomes, corms, bulbs, tubers
Why are some plants deciduous?
to help with water retention, perennials
mycorrhizae fungus
ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae
root nodules
nitrogen fixing bacteria
how is wood structured
heartwood, sapwood, vascular cambium, living phloem, cork
major function of roots
absorption, anchoring, storage
major function of stems
growth, conduction, photosynthesis, support, storage
functions of leaves
photosynthesis
how do plants know which way to grow
phototropism/ positive gravitropism
lenticel
allows the passage of air through the bark/skin on stems, fruits, and tubers
trichomes
can be found on stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits
tendril
curly specialized stem or leaf
bulliform cell
at the bottom of a monocot leaf, helps the leaf curl to conserve water
stoma
at the bottom of dicot leaves to allow evaporation and to “breath”
procambium
meristematic tissue that produces the primary vascular system of plants
ground meristem
will form the ground tissues comprising parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells
protoderm
which will become the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
vascular cambium
the main growth tissue
cork cambium
unspecialized cells lying between the epidermis and the vasular tissues
porosity
measurement of space between rocks
permeability
how easy it is for liquids to flow
soil nutrients
carbon, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus
auxin
promotes growth within the stem
springwood
larger cells produced in the spring
summerwood
cells grow smaller until the tree goes dormant
stipule
the small leaves at the base of a big leaf
abscission layer
when a plant purposely creates a layer to cut off a leave without harming itself
