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Driving and CMP > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Data?

A

Data consist of raw facts.

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2
Q

What is Information?

A

Information is processed data.

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3
Q

Types of Data

A

Alphanumeric Data: Numbers, letters, and other characters
Audio Data: Sounds, noises, or tones
Image Data: Graphic images and pictures
Video Data: Moving images or pictures

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4
Q

Characteristics of Quality Information
1. Accessible
2. Accurate
3. Complete
4. Relevant
5. Reliable
6. Secure
7. Simple
8. Timely
9. Verifiable

A
  1. Information should be easily accessible by authorized users so they can obtain it in the right format and at the right time to meet their needs.
  2. Accurate information is error-free. In some cases, inaccurate information is generated because inaccurate data is fed into the transformation process.
  3. Complete information contains all the important facts
  4. Relevant information is important to the decision-maker.
  5. Reliable information can be trusted by users. In many cases, the reliability of the information depends on the reliability of the data-collection method. In other instances, reliability depends on the source of the information.
  6. Information should be secure from access by unauthorized users.
  7. Information should be simple, not complex. Sophisticated and detailed information might not be needed. In fact, too much information can cause information overload, whereby a decision-maker has too much information and is unable to determine what is really important maker.
  8. Timely information is delivered when it is needed.
  9. Information should be verifiable. This means that you can check it to make sure it is correct, perhaps by checking many sources for the same information.
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5
Q

What is a system?

A

A system is a group of things that work together as parts of a mechanism or network.

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6
Q

What is an information system?

A

An information system (IS) is a group of connected parts that gather, process, store, and share data and information. It includes a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation, ensuring it stays aligned with its goals and objectives.

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7
Q

What is the difference between a system and an information system?

A

While an information system is a type of system, not all systems are necessarily information systems.

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8
Q

What are the components of an Information System?

A

Hardware
Software
Database
Network
People

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9
Q

What do the components of an Information System integrate to perform?

A

Input
Processing
Output
Feedback
Control.

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10
Q

Define the 5 Components of an Information System

A

Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer such as I/O devices.

Software refers to the set of instructions and programs that tell a computer or electronic device how to perform specific tasks.

Database consists of data organized in the required structure.

A network is a collection of computers, devices, or systems that are connected to each other, allowing them to communicate and share resources, such as files or information.

People consist of device operators, network administrators and system specialist.

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11
Q

What are some roles of Information Systems for a business?

A

Recording customer purchase
Keeping track of inventories
Keeping track of employee payment
Evaluating the sales trend.

Forecasting future trend and opportunities
Representation the financial condition of the business
Giving information regarding competitors
Showing the current level of inventories.

To support competitive advantage: Innovative application of information to technology helps a business to gain strategic advantage over the competitor. A strategic information system can help provide product and services that a business a competitive advantage over its competitors.

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12
Q

What are the 2 Categories of Information Systems?

A
  1. Operation Support Systems.
  2. Management Support Systems.
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13
Q

Transformation of Data to Information

A

Value: identifiers
Process: Turning data into information
Knowledge: awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways in which that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision

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14
Q

What is an Operational Support System

A

The Operational Support System (OSS) plays a crucial role in handling business transactions, overseeing industrial processes, facilitating enterprise communication, and updating the corporate database. This system generates information for both internal and external purposes, but the produced data requires additional processing to be effectively utilized by managers.

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15
Q

Management Support System

A

The Management Support System focuses on supplying information and assistance for informed decision-making. It involves using computer technology and system theory for processing data within an organization. This system aids in designing frameworks for organizing information system applications and supports management decision-making by processing data generated during business operations.

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16
Q

Types of Information Systems

A

Executive Information/Support Systems (EIS / ESS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Data/Transaction Processing Systems
Expert Systems

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17
Q

What is Impact of Information Systems

A

When an information system is used effectively, this system should bring about change in an organization, this change includes but is not limited to innovation, reengineering, and continuous improvement.

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18
Q

What is a Database?

A

A database is a structured and well-managed data collection that plays a crucial role in helping organizations achieve their goals. It provides timely and accurate information to decision-makers, aiding in cost reduction, profit increase, customer acquisition, historical tracking, and the exploration of new market opportunities.

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19
Q

What is Database Management System (DBMS)

A

A database management system (DBMS) consists of a group of programs used to access and manage a database as well as provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs. A DBMS provides a single point of management and control over data resources, which can be critical to maintaining the integrity and security of the data. A database, a DBMS, and the application programs that use the data make up a database environment.

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20
Q

What is Data Capture

A

Data capture, or electronic data capture, is the process of extracting information from a document and converting it into data readable by a computer. More generally, data capturing can also refer to collecting relevant information whether sourced from paper or electronic documents. Optical character recognition can also be a component of data capture involving the extraction of text from scanned or digital documents (receipts, contracts, books, etc.,) and the conversion of the results into data for editing and processing.

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21
Q

What is Data Storage

A

One function of a DBMS is to be an interface between an application program and the database. When an application program needs data, it requests the data through the DBMS. Next, the DBMS, working with various system programs, accesses a storage device, such as a disk drive or solid state storage device, where the data is stored.

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22
Q

What is Data Modeling

A

When organizing a database, key considerations include determining what data to collect, what the source of the data will be, who will have access to it, how one might want to use it, and how to monitor database performance in terms of response time, availability, and other factors.
A data model is a diagram of entities and their relationships. Data modeling usually involves developing an understanding of a specific business problem and then analyzing the data and information needed to deliver a solution.

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23
Q

Types of computers

A

Mainframe
PC
Minicomputer
Microcomputers
Terminals

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24
Q

What could a mainframe do?

A

Multiple users
Powerful
Mainframes are large, powerful computers designed for handling complex and critical tasks for large organizations. They are known for their high processing power, reliability, and ability to handle massive amounts of data.

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25
Q

What is time-sharing?

A

Time-sharing is a computing technique where multiple users or processes share the same computer resources, such as the central processing unit (CPU), simultaneously.

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26
Q

Minicomputer

A

Multiple users
fast
Mid (Better than micro, worse than mainframes)

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27
Q

Microcomputers

A

single user
PC
phone

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28
Q

Terminal

A

A terminal is a device that allows a user to interact with a computer system. It may consist of just a keyboard and a display, with the actual processing occurring on a remote computer (mainframe or server).

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29
Q

What is a dumb terminal?

A

A dumb terminal (or nonprogrammable terminal)
cannot do any processing on its own. This means the
terminal itself cannot run programs but has another
computer do its processing while it displays the results.

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30
Q

What is a smart terminal?

A

A smart terminal (or programmable terminal) does
some processing on its own and sometimes has a
device (a disk drive, for example) for reading and
writing files.

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31
Q

What are the mobile device eras?

A

The Brick Era
The Candy Bar Era
The Feature Phone Era
The Smartphone Era
The Touch Era

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32
Q

What are Systems?

A

Systems in information systems are separated into two categories
namely front-end and back-end systems.

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33
Q

What is a Front End System

A

It is what the user interacts with.

34
Q

What is a Back End System

A

They deal with databases and data processing
components, so the purpose of the back-end system is to launch the
operating system’s programs in response to front-end system
requests and operations

35
Q

What is a distributed system

A

It is a computing environment in which various components are spread across multiple computers on a network

36
Q

What is a Parallel-Processing System

A

It is the simultaneous execution of the same task on multiple processors to obtain results faster

37
Q

What is Internet of Things (IoT)

A

Devices with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.

38
Q

What is a Client/Server Network

A

Multiple clients connect to a server.
The clients require services, and the server provides the required services

39
Q

What is a Peer to Peer
Network

A

There are no specific clients or
servers. Instead, all the nodes can act as clients or servers. In other
words, each node can request for services and provide services.

40
Q

What is software

A

Software is a set of instructions or programs that tell a computer or hardware how to perform specific tasks.

41
Q

What are the 3 types of software?

A

Systems software
Application software
Specialized software

42
Q

What is Systems software

A

Systems software is a type of software that provides a platform for other software to run and helps manage the computer’s hardware. It includes operating systems, device drivers, and utility software.

43
Q

What are the 3 types of systems software

A

Operating systems
Utility programs
Middleware

44
Q

What is Application Software

A

Application software refers to programs and software applications designed for specific tasks or functions to meet the needs of users. (Normal Apps)

45
Q

What are the 2 types of application software

A

Proprietary software
off-the-shelf software

46
Q

What is Proprietary Software

A

Software that is owned by a specific company and its use is restricted by a license. The source code is not publicly available, and users typically need to pay for a license to use, modify, or distribute the software.
Subscription servives

47
Q

What is Off-the-Shelf Software

A

Pre-built, ready-to-use software that is mass-produced and available for purchase or download without the need for customization. It is designed to meet the needs of a broad range of users or organizations without requiring significant modifications.
Eg. Antivirus
Media players

48
Q

What is Specialized Software

A

Software designed for a specific purpose or industry. It is tailored to meet the unique needs and requirements of a particular field, task, or profession.
Eg. Cashier software etc.

49
Q

What are the 5 types of networks

A

LAN
PAN
MAN
WAN
Internet
Extranet

50
Q

What is a PAN

A

Personal area network

Eg. Bluetooth hotspot

51
Q

What is LAN

A

Local area network

Connects devices together
Eg.
House or small office

52
Q

What is MAN

A

Metropolitan Area network
Connects campus or cities

53
Q

What is a WAN

A

Wide area network
Network that connects LANs
Eg.
internet

54
Q

What is intranet

A

Network where employees can share data.

55
Q

What is extranet

A

Controlled access for customers, business partners etc.

56
Q

What is cloud computing

A

Software, processing and storage is stored on the cloud as an internet service

57
Q

What are the 4 types of cloud computing

A

Public
Private
Hybrid
Autonomic

58
Q

What is public cloud computing

A

Public cloud service
Eg. AWS Microsoft azure google cloud

59
Q

What are the 3 types of public cloud computing

A

IaaS infrastructure as a service
SaaS software as a service
PaaS platform as a service

60
Q

What is IaaS

A

Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Microsoft Azure
Google Cloud Platform

61
Q

What is SaaS

A

Email
Dropbox
Google Workspace
Paypal

62
Q

What is PaaS

A

Heroku
Microsoft Azure App Service
Google App Engine

63
Q

What is Private Cloud Computing

A

Cloud computing environment dedicated to a single company.

64
Q

What is Hybrid Cloud Computing

A

Uses both public and private

65
Q

What is Autonomic Cloud Computing

A

Systems are designed to self-manage and self-optimize.

66
Q

What is an Organization?

A

A group of people that is structured and
managed to meet its mission or set of group goals.

67
Q

The Organizational Pyramid

A

Operational Management
Tactical Management
Strategic Management

68
Q

Operational Management

A

Low-class employees
9-5

69
Q

Tactical Management

A

Middle Management
Admins, Seniors, higher ups maybe

70
Q

Strategic Management

A

CEO
Boss

71
Q

What is Management Information System (MIS)

A

A computerized tool that assists in managing and organizing data to aid in efficient business operations.

72
Q

What is Decision support systems (DSS)

A

interactive software designed to assist managers in decision-makers, analyzing data and evaluating alternatives to make better choices.

73
Q

What is Executive Information System (EIS)

A

A specialized type of Management Information System (MIS) designed to provide top-level executives and decision-makers with quick and easy access to key information needed for strategic decision-making.

74
Q

What is Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

A

A computerized system that records, processes, and maintains transactions such as sales, purchases, and other business activities.

75
Q

What is Enterprise Systems or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

A

It ensures that information can be shared with authorized users across all
business functions and at all levels of management to support the running
and managing of a business

76
Q

The Service Model

A

In the Service Model, each department manages its own Information Systems. They purchase applications or services as needed and make their own decisions about resources.

77
Q

The Integrated Model

A

n the Integrated Model, there’s a central IS department that manages all IS activities. Its role is to make sure all systems in the organization work together smoothly. This department not only creates or buys systems for different divisions but also sets the overall strategy for managing information. It has a high-level role in the organization, with positions like IS Director or Chief Information Officer (CIO), and helps define the organization’s goals. This model is becoming more common in business.

78
Q

E-Commerce

A

E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, means doing business activities online. This includes things like selling, buying, marketing, and servicing products or services using computer networks.

79
Q

E-Government

A

E-government is when technology is used to make it easier to share information, speed up processes that used to involve paper, and enhance the connection between citizens and the government. It comes in different forms like government to citizen (G2C), government to business (G2B), and government to government (G2G), each serving specific purposes.

80
Q

Mobile Commerce

A

Mobile commerce, or m-commerce, is when people use mobile devices like tablets and smartphones to make orders and do business. Companies like Apple, Huawei, Lenovo, LG, and Samsung are teaming up with communication networks to create wireless devices, technology, and services to support m-commerce.

81
Q

Components need for an E-Business.

A

High speed connection to network
E commerce software
Server software
Server operating system
Web server hardware

Driving and CMP (4 decks)

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