Test 2

Question 1

In which country did Janism begin?

Answer 1

India

Question 2

What does “jina” mean?

Answer 2

spiritual conqueror

Question 3

What is the name of the Jain scriptures?

Answer 3

Agamas

Question 4

What two kinds of food may Jains not eat?

Answer 4

• meat

- root vegetables

Question 5

Who is the 24th Tirthankara in the present cycle of existence?

Answer 5

Mahavira (599 - 527 B.C.)

Question 6

Name two similarities between Jainism and Buddhism.

Answer 6

1) Both Siddhartha and Mahavira rejected the Hindu caste system.
2) Both emphasized the practice of meditation.

Question 7

Name two differences between Jainism and Buddhism.

Answer 7

1) Buddha taught “anatta” (no permanent soul). Jainism teaches every living being has a soul.
2) Buddhism eventually left India and spread throughout Asia. Jainism stayed in India.

Question 8

What are the two main Jain sects? How are they different?

Answer 8

1) Shvetambara
- monks and nuns wear white garments
- monks use begging bowls
- teach that anyone can achieve kevala (escape from the cycle of reincarnation)
2) Digambara
- male monks go naked
- monks do not use begging bowls
- teach only males can achieve kevala

Question 9

Shintoism is the native religion in what country?

Answer 9

Japan

Question 10

What is the name of the gate before a Shinto shrine?

Answer 10

Torii

Question 11

Define kami.

Answer 11

whatever is sacred or to be worshipped
 - gods and goddesses
 - spirits in nature
 - souls of ancestors
 - great people
Matsuri: communication between the kami and humans

Question 12

Confucious

Answer 12

• K’ung Fu-Tzu (Kung the Master)
• teacher
• 551-479 B.C.

Question 13

What are the Five Constant Relationships?

Answer 13

1) husband and wife
2) parent and child
3) elder sibling and younger sibling
4) elder friend and younger friend
5) ruler and subjects

Question 14

What was a major problem in China during Confucious’ time?

Answer 14

• social anarchy
• civil war
• violence among families

Question 15

What are the differences between the way the Realists, Mo Tzu, and Confucious proposed to solve social problems in China?

Answer 15

Mo Tzu –> promote love b/c human nature is basically good
Confucious –> teach moral values and right relationships
Realists –> strict laws are necessary; use force and punishment b/c human nature is weak

Question 16

What is the Doctrine of the Mean?

Answer 16

not going to extremes

- ex) we shouldn’t be too proud or too humble but somewhere in between

Question 17

Define Jen.

Answer 17

• good-heartedness and other-centeredness that should underlie all social interactions
• often translated as “love” and “humanness”
• involves concern for others, courtesy, unselfishness, compassion, and the belief that all humans are our brothers and sisters

Question 18

Define Chun-Tzu.

Answer 18

• the Superior Person or Mature Person

- model of human perfection -> habitually acts for the good of others

Question 19

Define Li.

Answer 19

• doing things the right way, etiquette, ritual, and proper conduct in the five basic relationships

Question 20

Define Te.

Answer 20

• the power of virtue and moral example

- the power to rule by good example rather than brute force

Question 21

Define Wen.

Answer 21

• education
• cultivation of music, poetry, art, painting, and aesthetics
• the “arts of peace” as opposed to the “arts of war”

Question 22

What does Tao mean?

Answer 22

“the way” of:

1) Ultimate Reality
2) Nature
3) Human Life

Question 23

What is the basic text of Taoism?

Answer 23

• Tao Te Ching - The Classic of the Way and Its Power of Virtue
• made up of 81 poems around the workings of the Tao

Question 24

Define Wu Wei.

Answer 24

• non-action and non-interference with the flow of nature
• letting things follow their natural course through spontaneity
• not doing; effortless action

Question 25

Yin/Yang

Answer 25

• the universe is composed of complimentary forces
• Yin: feminine, negative, passive, cold, wet, soft, dark, mysterious, water, earth, left, unconscious
• Yang: masculine, positive, active, warm, dry, hard, bright, revealing, land, air, right, conscious

Question 26

Taoist form of Meditation

Answer 26

T’ai Chi
- Purpose: to balance the “chi” - the virtual energy or cosmic energy of the tao inside us for our health and piece of mind

Question 27

What are 3 differences between Confucianism and Taoism?

Answer 27

Confucianism
 - more idealistic
 - more concerned with common sense
 - emphasized harmony within society
Taoism
 - more realistic
 - more romantic and fanciful
 - emphasized harmony within nature