Test 2 Flashcards
Zimmerman Telegram
If U.S. enters war, Mexico should join and fight U.S. British intercept telegram. Give treaty to U.S. Britain needs help-uses telegram to get them. 50 House and Senate say “NO”- April 1917. U.S. in war. It proposed an alliance with Mexico in case of war with the United States, offering financial support and recovery of Mexico’s “lost territory” in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.
The “Great Migration”
vacancy of jobs . refer to African American movement from the South to the North. escape from agricultural jobs. riots from African American movements. 40 African Americans were killed from race riots. approximately 1.5 million African Americans moving.
League of Nations
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations; although suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless; Wilson gets League of Nations; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed
The First Red Scare
strikes-walk outs. disorder-riots. murders. spread of communism. violence against radical members. IWW drug out their offices. anti-radical movement.
The Automobile and the 1920s economic boom
Most important thing in the 1920s. The rise of Consumerism. Prices go down, making cars so fast. Assembly Lines- higher more unskilled workers to learn one part, than a few skilled workers to do most of it. Oil production, Road construction, Development of gas stations and car repair shops. Increase in vacations, development of young adult/teenage. Development of people wearing new things. Steel company’s booming, railroad industry declining. reconfigured general motors. woman began to crusade for birth control. Flappers. The Harlem Renaissance. Development of journal.
The New Klan
Indiana had the largest part of Klan. Level of respectability. based on protestant Christianity. based on religion. much for fraternal. strong racist and ethnic group. decline. D.C. Stevenson, head of new klan.
Andrew Mellon and Interwar Economics
Andrew Mellon allows businesses to run without government break in. free market, little regulation. deregulation in industry.
Industrial Unionism
Congress of Industrial Organizations. craft workers unionized with unskilled workers. provides unskilled workers with with protection 1865 CIO- goes on strikes Wagner Act.
The New Deal Coalition
FDR created Labor Unionism. CIO had unskilled workers and skilled workers unionize together, known as labor unionization. workers, farmers- democratic party-the party to contend with in America for 30 to 40 years.
Sit-Down Strikes
a strike in which workers refuse to leave the workplace until a settlement is reached. they didn’t like how they were treated and they wanted equal pay so they had these strikes until they got what they asked for. there was a memorial day massacre during this time- peaceful picnic of U.S. steel workers in South Chicago, march on plant, the police force harm the marchers. 10 killed, 90 wounded.
The Dawes Plan
reduction in reparation. loans –> Germany –> reparations –> Britain and France –> war loans repaid –> USA –> loans. growing level of depression. high tariffs. it was an attempt in 1924 to solve the reparations problem, which had bedeviled international politics following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles
The Lend-Lease Neutrality Acts
tries to take the $ sign out. gave arms to Britain and said they can give them back later or repay. men drafted into war. goods blown up by U.S. U- Boats. Germany fires ships. 1941 waged in a naval war. Atlantic Charter- U.S. involved with Churchill. U.S. comes up with post-war plan. U.S. at war but not in war.
The Firebombing of Japan
Japan attacked U.S. w. the pearl harbor bombing, one day after the bombing the U.S. declared war on Japan, Italy, and Germany. There was a battle of leyte gulf which was the biggest war in history with the most casualties the marine corp had. Okinawa- 3500 Japanese attacked planes- 50000 americans died- 100000 Japanese died.
Double Victory
democracy abroad-stop facism. democracy at home.
The Bracero Program
a series of laws and diplomatic agreements, initiated by an August 1942 exchange of diplomatic notes between the United States and Mexico, for the importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico to the United States. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, more than 500,000 Mexicans were deported or pressured to leave, during the Mexican Repatriation. There were fewer Mexican workers available when labor demand returned with World War II. The bracero program was initially prompted by a demand for manual labor during World War II and began with the U.S. government bringing in a few hundred experienced Mexican agricultural laborers to harvest sugar beets in the Stockton, California area. The program soon spread to cover most of the United States and provided workers for the agricultural labor market (with the notable exception being Texas, which initially opted out of the program in preference to an “open border” policy, and was denied braceros by the Mexican government until 1947 due to perceived mistreatment of Mexican laborers[1]). As a corollary, the railroad bracero program was independently negotiated to supply U.S. railroads initially with unskilled workers for railroad track maintenance but eventually to cover other unskilled and skilled labor.
The Containment Policy/Truman Doctrine
no desire for more war. George Kennan cant attack soviet union- cant go after- simple CONTAINMENT. CONTAINMENT- strategic area they could be taken over should be contained. Turkey and Greece were being targeted. new policy= Truman doctrine=CONTAINMENT.
The Marshall Plan
massive influx of money and support to help rebuild Europe. But in reality to defend themselves from Russia. no communists expansion. cold war policy. western Europe rebounds.
The Korean War and the Truman-MacArthur Debate
soviet troops in north, U.S. troops in south, syngman rhee- not a democratic leader or a communist. Truman asks to draw back what the communists had taken. U.S. troops in 1950 get into Korea with Douglas MacArthur. liberates south korea. Chinese not happy with U.S. government backed on their land. China steps in and gets korea back,. Douglas pushes china back and liberates korea for good. U.S. at war with China. DEBATE: 38th Parallel, The Martin Letter- MacArthur returns home and gets parades and becomes hero in America.
The Second Red Scare
Alger Hiss- diplomat, funneled sensitive info to Soviet Union. during this time everyone was being tried for being a communist. Gays were being fired from jobs.
Why Civil Rights in the 1950s and 1960s
G.I. Bill benefits white men. no attempt to fix things at home. less openings to college levels for black men. Television: Burmingham 1963. local opposition through racial problems on television. performing for white audiences but segregated (Rock&Roll) depiction of sports stars (Jackie Robinson). high level academic institutions. congress of racial equality (sit-ins). tradition American depiction (leave it to beaver). Korean war, element of cold war- combat tyranny internationally. resources there to make this plan happen.
