Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DIET 314 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

whole blood

A

common specimen type–collected via anti-coagulant—includes RBCs, WBCs, & platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

serum

A

common specimen type–remaining fluid after blood has clotted & clots & platelets are removed by spinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

plasma

A

common specimen type–straw-colored blood component containing H2O, inorganic electrolytes, & clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

blood cells

A

common specimen type–separated from anti-coagulated whole blood for analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

erythrocytes

A

common specimen type–RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

leukocytes

A

common specimen type–WBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blood spot

A

common specimen type–dried whole blood from finger or heel prick—put on paper & tested for hormones & others (ex: infant PKU screening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

other tissues

A

common specimen type–from scrapings or biopsy samples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

urine

A

common specimen type–concentrate of excreted metabolites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

feces

A

common specimen type–detects presence of nut. not absorbed or used to determine gut flora composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

breath test

A

less common specimen type–evaluates met., use, & malabsorption of sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hair & nails

A

less common specimen type–identifies exposure to certain metals—if prob is evident here, it is severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

saliva

A

less common specimen type–evaluates functional adrenal stress & hormone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sweat

A

less common specimen type–detects sweat chloride levels to determine presence of cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

static assay

A

measures actual nut. level in specimen—gives most recent reading—limitation: influenced by decent dietary intake—ex: check Fe, folic acid, & Vit. B12 for anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

functional assay

A

gives quantitative measure of biochem. or physiologic activity that depends on specific nut.—tests function —ex: serum ferritin (transportation prob?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

basic met. panel (BMP)

A

clinical chem. panel—8 tests for screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

comprehensive met. panel (CMP)

A

clinical chem. panel—8 BMP tests + 6 more tests—is most commonly ordered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

count of cells in blood & description of RBCs—tells what is in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

urinalysis

A

screening test or diagnostic tool—detects substances (glucose, protein, albumin, & ketones) or cellular material in urine associated w/ dif. met. & kidney disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

albumin

A

hepatic transport protein—transports major blood constituents, hormones, enzymes, meds, min., ions, FAs, AAs, & metabolites—maintains colloidal osmotic pressure—↓ means edema—1/2 life is 18-21 days (does NOT reflect current protein intake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pre-albumin (PAB)

A

hepatic transport protein—transports thyroid hormones—1/2 life is 2 days→used as indicator of protein status–↓ is related to: inflammation, protein-wasting disease of GI tract, & Zn def.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

retinol-binding protein (RBP)

A

hepatic transport protein—shortest 1/2 life (12 hrs)—binds & transports retinol (Vit. A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

transferrin

A

hepatic transport protein—transports Fe to bone marrow to produce Hgb—1/2 life is 8 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

(nut.) anemia

A

↓ in # RBCs / unit of blood volume OR ↓ in [Hbg] of blood to below needed level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

microcytic anemia

A

“small cells”—Fe def.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

folate or Vit. B12 def—”large cells”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

normocytic anemia

A

chronic & inflammatory diseases—*does NOT respond to Fe supp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

lab tests for Fe-def. anemia:

A
  • Hct (packed cell volume)
  • Hbg, serum ferritin
  • effects of inflammation
  • serum Fe
  • total Fe-binding capacity (TIBC)

(liver of any animal is great source of Fe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

folate def.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pernicious anemia

A

Vit. B12 def. (found in meat products only→vegans must inject)—activated by intrinsic factor (IF) in stomach—is absorbed in ↓er colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

hematocrit (Hct)

A

measure of % RBCs in total blood volume—is usually 3x ↑er than [Hgb]—affected by extremely ↑ WBC count & hydration status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

measure of total amt. Hgb in peripheral blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

ferritin

A

Storage protein that sequesters Fe normally gathered in liver, spleen, & marrow—synthesis ↑ w/ inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

serum Fe

A

amt. circulating Fe bound to transferrin—poor index of Fe status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

total Fe-binding capacity (TIBC)

A

measure of all proteins available to bind mobile Fe–depends on # free binding sites on plasma transferrin (Fe-transport protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Schilling Test

A

detects defects in Vit. B12 absorption (is gold standard for measuring Vit. B12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

serum retinol

A

measures Vit. A status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

plasma-25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D3)

A

measures Vit. D status–Vit. D def. can lead to 2° malabsorption of Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hgb A1C

A

does NOT reflect more recent ∆glucose levels–does NOT diagnose DM but reflects control of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

lipi indices of CV risk:

A
  • ↑ LDL
  • ↑ triglycerides
  • ↑ apoprotein B
  • ↑ Hs-CRP
  • ↑ serum homocysteine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

oxidation

A

break-down of cells b/c stress (is fought by anti-oxidants: Vit. A, Vit. C, Vit. E, & Se)–markers are ↓ed by carotenoids & smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

IBW (male)

A

IBW (male) = 106 lbs. for 5’ + 6 lb./in. ± 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

IBW (female)

A

IBW (female) = 100 lbs. for 5’ + 5 lb./in. ± 10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

drug-nut. interaction

A

specific changes to pharmacokinetics of drug caused by nut.(s) or changes to kinetics of nut.(s) caused by drug

46
Q

food-drug interaction

A

effects of med. on nut. status

  • altered response to med. (+ or -)
  • drug toxicity
  • altered nut. status
47
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

study of biochem. & physiologic effects of drug

48
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of time course of drug in body involving absorption, distribution, met., & excretion of drug

49
Q

absorption

A

process of movement of drug form site of administration to bloodstream

50
Q

distribution

A

drug leaves systemic circulation & travels to various regions of body

51
Q

cytochrome P-450 enzyme system

A

facilitates drug met. & is + or - affected by food & dietary supp.–involved in liver detoxification

52
Q

benefits of minimizing drug interactions:

A
  • meds. achieve intended effects
  • pts. do not discontinue drugs
  • minimize need for add’l meds
  • avoid adverse side effects
  • preserve optimal nut. status
  • avoid accidents & injuries
  • minimize disease complications
  • ↓ cost of health care services
  • meet licensing agency requirements
53
Q

risk factors for food-drug interactions:

A
  • polypharmacy (concern: overdose, overworking liver & kidneys)
  • chronic disease
  • older pts.
  • malnut.
  • cancer & AIDS
  • GI tract alterations–ex: diarrhea
  • body composition (muscle works better w/ drugs than fat)
  • fetus, infant, pregnant woman
54
Q

pharmacogenomics

A

genetically determined variations revealed only by effects of drugs–ex: green tea, soy, turmeric, broccoli

55
Q

drug absorption process:

A

-bioavailability (drug fraction fully absorbed)

56
Q

med. & enteral nut. interactions:

A
  • physical incompatibility:
  • granulation
  • gel formation
  • separation
  • clogged feeding tubes
  • interruption of delivery
  • emulsion breakage w/ acidic syrups
  • drug bioavailability:
  • individual variability
  • may need 1-hr to 4-hr feeding-free interval
57
Q

effect of grapefruit on met. enzymes:

A

inhibition of met. of Lipitor–interferes w/ Cyt. P-450 enzymes–also interferes w/ diabetic drugs & Ca-channel blockers

58
Q

neoplastic

A

cancer drugs–worst mucosal damage is in mouth→nut. absorption ↓ed

59
Q

effect of anti-psychotic drugs on met.

A

met. is ↑ed

60
Q

5 tyramine foods to avoid when on MAOIs:

A
  • aged cheeses
  • aged meats
  • soy sauce
  • teriyaki sauce
  • flava beans
61
Q

effect of caffeine when on tranquilizers

A

anti-anxiety effects counteracted (nervous symptoms ↑ed–acts as stimulant–is inefficient)

62
Q

alcohol-drug interactions: Antabuse

A

vomiting

drugs with similar effect: Flagyl, Cefobid, & Diabinese

63
Q

excipient

A

inactive ingredient added to act as:

  • buffer
  • binder
  • filler
  • diluent
  • disintegrant
  • glidant
  • flavoring
  • dye
  • preservative
  • suspending agent
  • coating
64
Q

MNT for food-drug interactions: prospective

A

all MNT offered when pt. first starts drug

65
Q

MNT for food-drug interactions: retrospective

A

evaluation of symptoms to determine if med. probs. might be result of food-drug interactions

66
Q

MNT for food-drug interactions: diet history

A

OTCs, alcohol, supp., & herbals

67
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

brand name: Cipro–anti-biotic

68
Q

Lovastatin

A

brand name: Mevacor–anti-hyperlipidemic

69
Q

Lithium

A

brand name: Eskalith–anti-depressant

70
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

brand name: Lopid–anti-hyperlipidemic

71
Q

Furosemide

A

brand name: Lasix–diuretic

72
Q

Fluoxetine

A

brand name: Prozac–anti-depressant

73
Q

Warfarin

A

brand name: Coumadin–anti-coagulant

74
Q

Naproxen

A

brand name: Aleve–NSAID

75
Q

Amitriptyline

A

brand name: Elavil–anti-depressant

76
Q

Acetylsalicylic Acid

A

brand name: Aspirin–NSAID

77
Q

Cefuroxime

A

brand name: Ceftin–anti-biotic

78
Q

Atorvastatin

A

brand name: Lipitor–anti-hyperlipidemic

79
Q

Olanzapine

A

brand name: Zyprexa–anti-psychotic

80
Q

Propranolol

A

brand name: Inderal–β-blocker

81
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrant Cholestyramine

A

brand name: Questran–anti-hyperlipidemic

82
Q

Metronidazole

A

brand name: Flagyl–anti-biotic & anti-fungal

83
Q

Alendronate

A

brand name: Fosamax–osteoporosis & Paget’s Disease

84
Q

Clozapine

A

brand name: Clorazil–anti-psychotic

85
Q

Clarithromycin

A

brand name: Biaxin–antibiotic

86
Q

Ibuprofen

A

brand name: Advil–NSAID

87
Q

Phenytoin

A

brand name: Dilantin–anti-epileptic

88
Q

Isoniazid

A

brand name: INH–anti-TB & anti-mycobacterium

89
Q

Cimetidine

A

brand name: Tagamet–anti-ulcer, anti-GERD, & anti-secretory

90
Q

excretion

A

process–drug / nut. or metabolites are removed from body primarily by kidneys

91
Q

metabolism

A

process–drug / nut. is chemically changed by action of enzymes (usually in liver)

92
Q

nut. kinetics

A

study of absorption, distribution, met., & excretion of nut.

93
Q

chelation

A

rxn btwn. certain drugs & cations (+) Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, & Zn

94
Q

prolonged use of anti-ulcer drugs may ↓ absorption of:

A

Vit. B12, thiamin, & Fe

95
Q

anti-hyperlipidemic drugs adsorb:

A

Vit. A, Vit. D, Vit. E, & Vit. K (fat-soluble vit.)

96
Q

anti-convulsants ↑ met. of:

A

folic acid, Vit. D, & Vit. K

97
Q

anti-TB drugs inhibit conversion of ______ to active form

A

pyridoxine (Vit. B6)

98
Q

loop diuretics ↑ excretion of:

A

Na, K, Cl, Mg, & Ca

99
Q

↑ caffeine intake may ↑ adverse effects of:

A

theophylline (nervousness, tremors, & insomnia)

100
Q

tyramine & dopamine in food enhance toxic effects of ______, which may cause ______

A

MAOIs

hypertensive crisis

101
Q

Vit. K aids production of clotting factors in direct oppo. to:

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

102
Q

NSAIDs may cause ______ irritation, sometimes leading to sudden, serious bleeding

A

stomach

103
Q

anti-neoplastic drugs cause ∆ taste→ ______

A

stomatitis, glossitis, esophagitis, & N / V

104
Q

anti-cholinergic drugs (anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, & anti-histamines) slow peristalsis→ ______

A

constipation

105
Q

anti-convulsant drugs require supp. for ______

A

folate, Vit. D, & Vit. K

106
Q

cytotoxic effects of anti-neoplastics→ _______

A

stomatitis, glossitis, & esophagitis

ex: Cysplastin & Methotrexate

107
Q

anti-biotics may result in ______

A

bitter taste in saliva, suppression on natural oral bacteria, & metallic taste in mouth
(ex: penicillin)

108
Q

tricyclic anti-depressants & most anti-psychotics→ ______

A

stimulate appetite & wt. gain

ex: Elavil & Clorazil

109
Q

SSRI anti-depressants may result in _______

A

anorexia & wt. loss (is oppo. of anti-depressants)

ex: Prozac

110
Q

tricyclic anti-depressants→

A

dry mouth, metallic taste, & sour taste

ex: Elavil

111
Q

charting / documentation rules:

A
  • black pen or typed
  • complete, clear, concise, objective, legible, & accurate
  • date, time, service, pt. name, & pt.’s hosp. #
  • correct spelling & grammar (complete sentences are optional)
  • *entries are consistent, non-contradictory, & chronological
  • sign all entries–include credentials
  • NO personal opinions or criticisms
  • document only at time of service (NEVER in advance)
  • identify late entries
  • do NOT use white out–draw line through & correct mistake or replace w/ new copy
  • initial corrections
  • note addendums, date, & initials for omissions
112
Q

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)

A

passed in 1996–ensures privacy & security of personal info. in health care settings

DIET 314 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions