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Government > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Civil Rights

A

How the government treats different groups; equality

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2
Q

Three different classifications of Civil Rights

A

Suspect, Quasisuspect, Nonsuspect

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3
Q

Suspect Classification

A

Deals with when laws treat people differently due to race. Court applies strict scrutiny standard of reviews

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4
Q

Quasisuspect

A

Deals with when laws treat people differently due to gender. Court applies the intermediate standard of review

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5
Q

Nonsuspect

A

Deals with when laws treat people differently due to age, wealth, and sexual orientation. Court uses the minimum rationality standard of review

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6
Q

Dred Scott V. Sandford

A

Said congress does not have power to ban slavery. Founders didnt intend for slaves to have freedom

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7
Q

Amendments to help blacks

A

13,14,15

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8
Q

13th amendment

A

Bans slavery

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9
Q

14th amendment

A

Says all person born in us are citizens. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Equal protection clause.

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10
Q

15th amendment

A

Declares that all races have right to vote

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11
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Intended to prevent blacks from voting. Includes literacy tests, grandfather clauses, poll taxes

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12
Q

Plessey V. Ferguson

A

Plessey was 1/8 black and wanted to ride in white train car. Got sent to colored car. Rulled that seperate facilities did not violate equal protections clause

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13
Q

Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka

A

Said segregated schools are unconstitutional. Seperation itself is a violation of inequality. Said all public schools be integrated with “all deliberate speed”

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14
Q

Freedom Riders

A

Civil rights activists which rode the buses down to the segregated south to enforce nonsegregated busing

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15
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Bans discrimination and segregation in all public facilities and employment based on race, sex and religion

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16
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Bans literacy tests and the grandfather clause

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17
Q

24th amendment

A

bans poll taxes

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18
Q

De jure

A

legal discrimination. Supported by law

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19
Q

De facto

A

In fact. Discrimination that is the result not of law but rather of tradition

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20
Q

Affirmative Action

A

Policy makes employers hire blacks. Set standards

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21
Q

Bakke V. University of Calfiornia

A

Cant have a quota system for other races

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22
Q

Equal Rights amendment

A

Ratified by congress but fell short several states for ratification

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23
Q

Title 9 of the Educational amendments of 1972

A

Opened up athletic possibilities for women in universities

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24
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause

A

Bills approved in one state shall transfer to the next

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25
Q

Defensive Marriage Act

A

Federal government will not recognize same-sex marriages. This was got rid of in a court case. States are not forced to recognize same-sex marriages from other states

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26
Q

Political Parties

A

Group of people with a shared ideology who gains power by electing representatives. Provides for an organized debate about issues

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27
Q

Party in electorate

A

Citizens who identify with the party

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28
Q

Responsible Party Model

A

Clear distinct programs. Candidates support and follow out what they said. Voter choose party based on their views. Party should make elected official carry out programs.

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29
Q

Economic Dimension

A

How much should the government intervene and regulate the economy

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30
Q

Social Order Dimension

A

Social Order Liberals: Tend to believe aboriton should be legal. Wants more individual freedoms. Social Order Conservatives: Opposed to more individual freedoms

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31
Q

Presidential Election of 1860

A

Slavery national crisis. U.S. expanding and not sure if slave state or free state. Republican party was free-soil party. Democratic party split. Abraham Lincoln won

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32
Q

Presidential Election of 1896

A

Economic matters more important now. Republican party becomes party of business interests and conservatism

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33
Q

Presidential Election of 1932

A

New Deal party system. Democratic party becomes party of economic liberals, Republicans becomes party of economic conservatives

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34
Q

Demographic factors on voters

A

Age, Income, Education, Race+Ethnicity

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35
Q

Reasoning for declining voter turnout

A

o Rising voter distinct of government
o More people don’t trust government anymore
o Decreased voter mobilization efforts by the party
o Lower levels of social connectedness

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36
Q

Electoral College

A

Number of House Reps plus 2. 538 total. President needs 270. Main focus on swing states…Ohio, Pennsylvania, Florida, Virginia

37
Q

Winner Take all system

A

48 out of 50 states. Majority votes get all electoral votes

38
Q

Closed Primary

A

Primary elections in which only registered party members may vote

39
Q

Electoral Mandate

A

The perception that an election victory signals broad support for the winners proposed policies

40
Q

Front-loading

A

process of scheduling presidential primaries early in the primary season

41
Q

Front-runner

A

the leading candidate and expected winner of a nomination or an election

42
Q

Get-out-the-vote drives

A

efforts by political parties, interests groups, and candidate’s staff to maximize voter turnout among supporters

43
Q

Government matching funds

A

money given by the federal government to qualified presidential candidates in the primary and general election campaigns

44
Q

Hard money

A

campaign funds donated directly to candidates; federal laws limit amounts

45
Q

Invisible primary

A

Early attempts to raise money, line up campaign consultants, generate media attention, and get commitments for support even before candidates announce they are running

46
Q

Issue advocacy ads

A

Advertisements that support issues or candidates without telling constituents how to vote

47
Q

Issue ownership

A

the tendency of one party to be seen as more component in a specific policy area

48
Q

Momentum

A

widely held public perception that a candidate is gaining electoral strength

49
Q

Motor Voter Bill

A

Legislation allowing citizens to register to vote at the same time they apply for a drivers license or other state benefits

50
Q

Negative Advertising

A

Campaign advertising that emphasizes the negative characteristics of opponents rather than ones own strengths

51
Q

Open Primary

A

Primary elections in which eligible voters do not need to be registered party members

52
Q

Oppo research

A

Investigation of an opponent’s background for the purpose of exploiting weaknesses or undermining credibility

53
Q

Party Caucus

A

Local gathering of party members to choose convention delegates

54
Q

Political efficacy

A

citizens’ feelings of effectiveness in political affairs

55
Q

Position Issues

A

Issues on which the parties differ in their perspectives and proposed solutions

56
Q

Presidential Primary

A

An election in which the executive is chosen independently of the legislature and the two branches are separate

57
Q

Prospective voting

A

Basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote

58
Q

Retrospective voting

A

basing voting decisions on reactions to past performance; approving the status quo or signaling a desire for change

59
Q

Social connectedness

A

Citizens involvement in groups and their relationships to their communities and families

60
Q

Soft money

A

Unregulated campaign contributions by individuals, groups, or parties

61
Q

Swing Voters

A

The approximately one-third of the electorate who are undecided at the start of the campaign

62
Q

Valence issues

A

Issues on which most voters and candidates share the same position

63
Q

Voter mobilization

A

Issues on which most voters and candidates share the same position
Voter mobilization: partys efforts to inform potential voters about issues and

64
Q

Wedge Issue

A

A controversial issue that one party uses to split the voters in the other party

65
Q

Black Codes

A

Series of laws in post civil war south designed to restrict rights of former slaves

66
Q

Reconstruction

A

Period following Civil War during which federal government took action to rebuild south

67
Q

Booker T, Washington

A

President of Tuskegee Institute. Said blacks should focus on economic equality cause with it would come all else

68
Q

W.E.B.Du Bois

A

Started NAACP

69
Q

Gaines V. Canada

A

Supreme Court started looking at the seperate but equal faciilties and if they were actually equal

70
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

Men and women who supported exntension of womens rights

71
Q

Political Gridlock

A

the stalemate that occurs when political rivals, especially parties, refuse to budge from their positions to achieve a compromise in the public interest

72
Q

Partisanship

A

loyalty to a political cause or party

73
Q

Party Organization

A

the official structure that conducts the political business of parties

74
Q

Party base

A

members of a political party who consistently vote for that party’s candidates

75
Q

Party Activists

A

the party faithful; the rank and file members who actually carry out the party’s electioneering efforts

76
Q

Party Machines

A

mass-based party systems in which parties provided services and resources to voters in exchange for votes

77
Q

Party Bosses

A

Party leaders, usually in urban district, who exercised tight control over electioneering and patronage

78
Q

Patronage

A

system in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors

79
Q

Party Eras

A

Extended time when a party has Congress and presidency

80
Q

Critical Election

A

an election when party shifts

81
Q

Realignment

A

Shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change of policy direction

82
Q

Dealignment

A

Trend among voters to identify themselves as independents rather than as members of a major party

83
Q

Electioneering

A

Process of getting a person elected to public office

84
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act

A

Passed in 2002 which put a limit on soft money contributions

85
Q

Libertarians

A

Favor government action and view change as process

86
Q

Social Liberals

A

Those who favor minimal government role anywhere
• Social Liberals: Favor greater control of economy and social order to bring about equality and to regulate the effects of progress

87
Q

Communitarians

A

Favor a strong government role in economy and social order in order to realize their vision of a community of equals

88
Q

Social Conservatives

A

Want limited government control over economy but more government control in social order

Government (3 decks)

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