Test 2 Flashcards
3 approaches/personality structures
dispositional traits
personal concerns
life narrative
dispositional traits (personality structure 1)
trait is any distinguishable enduring way a person differs from others. personality is stable across contexts.
facets
characteristics within a trait
five factor model
NEOAC
fairly consistent across cultures
neuroticism
ability to handle stress and emotions
extraversion
excitement seeking, warmth, activity, assertiveness
openness
more liberal in values, theoretical thinking, creative
agreeableness
trust, compliance, altruism
opposite is antagonism
conscientiousness
self-discipline, hard-working, ambitious
poor executive functioning correlated to low conscientiousness
which personality traits are associated with longevity
high conscientiousness and low neuroticism
personality traits stabilize when
age 30
personality changes
NEO go down and AC go up with age
personal concerns (personality structure 2)
people are more than their traits, concerns reflect what people want a particular times in their lives, change over time.
jung’s theory
all aspects of personality must be in balance, people organized into orientations, introversion vs extraversion
myer’s theory
16 personality types, workforce
erikson’s lifespan theory
8 stages of development, struggle between two crises, people must solve them to continue developing
epigenetic principle (erikson’s theory)
each crisis occurs during a specific time
life narratives (personality structure 3)
internal, evolving story and anticipated future, mcadam’s life story model
number of possible selves ____ with age
decreases
LGBT group with higher health disparities
bi and trans older adults
LGBT older adults are more likely to retire early due to health problems t/f?
t
Criminal justice population is again more rapidly than U.S. population t/f?
t
accelerated aging
the age a prisoner is considered to be older is lower than non prisoner (50-55)
most common geriatric syndrome in prison
cognitive impairment
fredrikensen goldsen model explaining minority status related to sexual identity can result in variation of health
health equity promotion model
responses to older prisoners with dementia
unit for cognitivelt impaired, true grit program, and gold coats
neuropsychology
compares healthy adults to individuals with brain damage
lateralization
one side of hemisphere shows greater activation in task, left or right brained
frontal lobe function
executive function, planning
temporal lobe
verbal and auditory processing
parietal lobe
somatosensory
occipital lobe
visual processing, balance
hippocampus
memory headquarters, reduced with AD
amygdala
emotional headquarters
emotional based learning involves
amygdala, hippocampus, frontal lone
fear conditioning
little albert experiment
lobe/brain regions most susceptible to age
frontal and prefrontal
dendrite
receives message
terminal buttons
transmit message to synapse
axon
transmits message
fight or flight transmitters
excitatory transmitters (sympathetic)
age related changes to neurons
tangles develop in axon fibers, increased deposits of proteins (AD staples)
corpus callosum
connects brain hemispheres
contralaterality
right side of brain controls left, vice versa
structural imaging
CT, MRI, DTI
functional imaging
EEG, PET, SPECT, fMRI
ecology of aging
where, when, and why decide to move
person environment fit
individual is good match for environment and env. is good match for them
aging in place
most highly preferred aging environment, want to live in the same place and not move b/c impairment
continuum of care
level of service/care changes as we age
kahana congruence model
older adults with particular needs seek environments that best meet those needs
lawton and nahemow theory
environmental press and competency
attkinson and shiffrin model of information processing
sensory memory > short term memory > long term memory
sensory memory lasts ___
a few seconds
executive functioning is
what we choose to pay attention to
planning, sequencing, coordinating, complex goals
useful field of view
area from which one can extract visual information in a single glance without eye or head movement
short term memory holds ___
7 +/-2 bits of information
storage capacity for short term memory enhanced by
chunking, maintenance rehearsal, and meaningful elaboration (best)
working memory
turns short term to long term memory (digit span forward/backward)
semantic memory
vocabulary and spelling (long term memory)
procedural memory
skill like dancing (long term memory)
semantic encoding
makes information meaningful
implicit vs explicit memory
explicit is intentional and conscious remembering while implicit doesn’t know where it came from, effortless (best buy sign is blue)
episodic memory decline sharply after __
65
priming
exposing someone to something before they know they are being tested on it (implicit memory)
clive wearing case
encephalitis led to severe damage of hippocampus
most age related cognitive decline is associate with decline in ________
sensory perception and processing speed
prospective memory
remembering to do something based on even and time cues
what are the strongest types of memories?
emotional memories (amygdala is close to the hippocampus)
only domain of cognition that remains intact and sees some improvement with age
language/verbal abilites
theory of multiple intelligence
8 distinct intelligences
wechsler adult intelligence test
iq test
crystalized intelligence ___ with age
does not decrease with age
the only intervention proven to delay the onset of dementia
cognitive reserve
cognitive impairment pre 1980
organic brain syndrome
cognitive impairment post 1980
dementia
delerium
disturbance in consciousness and change in cognition for a short period of time, may fluctuate
is dementia increasing or decreasing
decreasing
preclinical stage of cognitive aging
silent phase, brain changes without measurable symptoms
is most alzheimer’s disease early or late onset
late
common dementia issues
wandering, driving, agitation, sun downing
mild cognitive impairment
intermediate between normalcy and dementia, mostly in episodic memory, targeted for pharmacological interventions
MMSE
more severe stage of dementia (more specific to dementia)
MoCA
more sensitive to MCI, pre levels
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
memory symptom treatment
phase 1 of clinical trials
safety and proper dose (15-50 ppl)
phase 2 of clinical trials
effectiveness and side effects (>100 ppl)
phase 3 of clinical trials
new treatment vs existing treatment (hundreds of ppl)
phase 4 of clinical trials
approved and available (thousands of ppl)
Men’s friendships tend to be based on ____
Shared activities
Women’s friendships tend to be based on ____
Intimate emotional sharing
Historically, ____ suggested older adults withdrew from society
Disengagement theory
Socioemotional selectivity theory
Older people selectively prune their relationships (value close not distant relationships)
Convoy theory (antonucci)
Social relationships include people leaving and joining a group with age
REGARDS and CARES
stroke patients longitudinal caregiving study
Schulz and beach study
Showed spouse caregivers had higher mortality than noncaregivers (other studies disprove)
Paradox of leisure
People who most need it gave more obstacles to participate
Preferred leisure activities are based on ____
Perceived competence and psychological comfort
Ability to adapt to aging process model (rowe and k)
Freedom from disease and disability, high cognitive and physical functioning, and active engagement with life
Valiant model
Health criteria: no physical disability at age 75, good subjective health, length of undisabled life. Has social criteria too.
Harmonious aging
Multiple ways to age well, based on people’s happiness with life
Set point perspective
Biologically determined boundaries for level of wellbeing individual experiences
Subjective wellbeing
Positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction
