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FN 2070 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A D E K

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2
Q

what vitamins are water-soluble?

A

vitamin c and B vitamins

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3
Q

protein structure

A

amino acid; Backbone, Amino group, Carboxyl group, C group (side chain)

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4
Q

functions of proteins

A

transport, enzymes, blood pH balance, fluid balance, hormones, immunity, and energy use

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5
Q

Deamination

A

Remove the amine group (nitrogen), and use the remaining remnant for energy. Also called gluconeogenesis

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6
Q

marasmus

A

Insufficient protein and energy intake

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7
Q

kwashiorkor

A

7 protein functions are off; More damaging (the body never adapts)

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8
Q

Catabolic

A

process of molecule breakdown

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9
Q

Anabolic

A

processes involved in building molecules

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10
Q

Ghrelin

A

increases appetite

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11
Q

Leptin

A

decreases appetite

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12
Q

NPY

A

Signals in the brain that tells us to eat

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13
Q

GLP-1

A

Transit of food, insulin response/ sensitivity

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14
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increased number of cells

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15
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in cell size

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16
Q

vitamin A functions

A

vision, tissue strength, growth, immune function

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17
Q

vitamin A sources

A

dark green, leafy vegetables, deep orange vegetables/fruits

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18
Q

vitamin A deficiencies

A

night blindness, dry cornea (blindness), rough & dry skin, dry mucus membranes, malabsorption, increased risk of infection, contributes to iron deficiency

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19
Q

vitamin D sources

A

vitamin d fortified milk & dairy products, enriched cereals and grains, liver, egg yolks, fatty fish, cod liver oil (1tsp=100%)

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20
Q

vitamin D functions

A

absorption of calcium & phosphorus, bone & teeth mineralization, tumor suppressant, blood pressure regulator, reduce risk of auto-immune diseases, may prevent seasonal affective disorder

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21
Q

vitamin D deficiencies

A

bone pain and loss, rickets (bowing of legs in children), osteomalacia (deficiency in adults)

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22
Q

vitamin E

A

vegetable oils & nuts
- antioxidant & selenium metabolism

deficiency & toxicity rare
inhibits blood clotting action of vitamin K

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23
Q

vitamin K sources

A

green leafy vegetables

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24
Q

vitamin K functions

A

blood clotting, bone development

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25
Q

vitamin K deficiencies

A

newborns get injection
issues with blood clotting

26
Q

vitamin C sources

A

citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage, leafy vegetables, berries, melons, broccoli, potatoes

27
Q

vitamin C functions

A

Immunity function, tissue building, wound healing, metabolism - absorption of iron, antioxidant

28
Q

vitamin C deficiencies

A

scurvy

29
Q

thiamin (B1) functions

A

CHO metabolism - GI, nervous, and cardiovascular systems

30
Q

thiamin (B1) sources

A

lean pork, whole or enriched grain

31
Q

thiamin (B1) deficiencies

A

beri beri, neruopathy, nervous instability, confusion, psychosis, metabolic acidosis

32
Q

riboflavin (B2) deficiencies

A

Ariboflavinosis: cracking, crusting, and scaling of the corners of the mouth

33
Q

riboflavin (B2) functions

A

assists with the metabolism of energy nutrients, tissue building

34
Q

riboflavin (B2) sources

A

milk

35
Q

niacin (B3) sources

A

meat, whole grain, enriched cereal, conversion of tryptophan (turkey)

36
Q

niacin (B3) functions

A

regulates energy metabolism, partners with riboflavin & thiamin, maintains skin, tongue, and digestive system

37
Q

niacin (B3) deficiencies

A

pellagra

38
Q

B6 sources

A

Meats, whole grains, potatoes,
fortified breakfast cereals, bananas,
avocados

39
Q

B6 functions

A

amino acid metab.
(coenzyme hemoglobin), make
neurotransmitters

40
Q

B6 deficiencies

A

Muscle weakness, dermatitis,
mouth sores, fatigue, confusious

41
Q

B12 functions

A

make FA & AA, coenzyme
in folate functions

42
Q

B12 deficiencies

A

Megaloblastic anemia nerve
damage, anemia, nerve damage

43
Q

B12 sources

A

Animal derived foods, some
soy milks, and fortified breakfast
cereals

44
Q

folate functions

A

cell division, make RNA
& DNA

45
Q

folate sources

A

Green leafy vegetables,
legumes, fortified breakfast cereals,
orange juice, sunflower seeds, liver

46
Q

folate deficiencies

A

Megaloblastic anemia
Diarrhea, anemia, neural-tube
defects

47
Q

Ca functions

A

blood clotting, muscle contraction & nerve function, building bones, Releases insulin from the pancreas

48
Q

Ca deficiencies

A

Osteoporosis

49
Q

Ca sources

A

Milk and other dairy products,
greens & broccoli, salmon, sardines, beans,
peas and lentils

50
Q

PTH:

A

pulls Ca+ from bone

51
Q

Calcitonin:

A

deposits excess calcium

52
Q

Fe sources

A

meats, egg yolks, nuts, enriched or whole
grains, beans, peas, and lentils

53
Q

Fe functions

A

transports oxygen to all parts of the body, Energy reactions

54
Q

Fe deficiencies

A

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC RBC

55
Q

Zn functions

A

wound healing, Supports the immune system, Makes strong bones, Part of sense organ function (smell, taste), cell division & reproduction

56
Q

Zn sources

A

Meat, seafood, whole grains

57
Q

Mg functions

A

structure for healthy bones, and Produces energy from food, and Functions of muscle & nervous system

58
Q

Mg sources

A

Meat, seafood, nuts, beans,
peas, lentils, dairy products, whole grains

59
Q

Se sources

A

Grains, meat, poultry, fish, dairy
products

60
Q

Se functions

A

Antioxidants- man-made or natural substances that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage

FN 2070 (1 decks)

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