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Psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

An emotion

A

a mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and emotions guides our behaviour

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2
Q

What are the three main different theories of how we appraise our emotions?

A

1) James-Lange Theory

2) Cannon-Bard Theory

3) Two-factor theory

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3
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Arousal Comes Before Emotion

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4
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Arousal and Emotion Occur at the Same Time

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5
Q

Two-factor theory

A

Arousal + cognition = emotion

emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and cognitive appraisal

two-factor model proposes that arousal and cognition combine to create…emotion

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6
Q

The function of emotions?

A

Intrapersonal v.s Interpersonal

our internal guidance system v.s communication with others

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7
Q

What is mood?

A

a state without any specific stimulus

an affective state, less specific, less intense, and less likely to be provoked or by a particular stimulus or event

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8
Q

What are emotions?

A

Reaction to stimuli

Complex reactions the body has to certain stimuli. This emotional reaction occurs automatically and unconsciously

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9
Q

What are basic emotions?

A

Fundamental set of emotions, (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise) primarily determined by the fast pathway through the limbic system.

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10
Q

What are complex emotions?

A

Complex emotions involve a cognitive interpretation that accompany emotions— known as cognitive appraisal and are determined by the slow pathway through the frontal lobes in the cortex.

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11
Q

Biological Drives are?
Hint: homeostasis

A

internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body are out of balance, and goals, which are desired end states that we strive to attain.

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12
Q

Self-efficacy (Bandura)

A

an individual’s belief in their own capability to complete a task

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13
Q

Intrinsic

A

behaviours motivated by the personal satisfaction that they bring

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14
Q

Extrinsic

A

behaviours are performed in order to receive something from others. (ex. Compensation, punishment, rewards).

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15
Q

Self-determination theory: all humans have three basic psychological needs…ACR

A
  1. autonomy
  2. competence
  3. relatedness—that underlie growth and development.
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16
Q

Autonomy (Self-determination theory)

A

The feeling that one has choice and is willingly endorsing one’s behavior. Not feeling controlled

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17
Q

Competence (Self-determination theory)

A

the experience of mastery and being effective in one’s activity

18
Q

Relatedness (Self-determination theory)

A

the need to feel connected and a sense of belongingness with others

19
Q

Types of extrinsic motivation according to the self-determination theory…EII,Regulation

A
  1. External regulation
  2. Introjected regulation
  3. Identified regulation
20
Q

The 2 definitions of stress?

A
  1. Stimulus-based definitions - stress causes reactions
  2. Response- based definitions - stress happens in response to something
21
Q

General adaptation syndrome …ARE

A

Hans Selye’s general adaptation
syndrome suggests that stressors tax the body via a three-phase process: alarm,
resistance, and exhaustion.

22
Q

Body response to stress (fight or flight response)?

A

• Energy is transformed and created
• Cardiovascular activities pump into action
• Inhalation/Exhalation increases to help the respiratory system
• Senses sharpen and toughen to keep you alert
• Digestion and elimination stop
• Skin changes occur
• Reproduction stops

23
Q

N.U.T.S. stands for (common elements to situations that elevate stress hormones in everyone)

A

NOVELTY
UNPREDICTABILITY
THREAT TO THE EGO
SENSE OF CONTROL

24
Q

Two stress hormones?
AC…

A

Adrenaline: within seconds to help get your heart pumping, helps your breathing up, and helps your blood flowing to your muscles {gives energy}

Cortisol: hormone act as a back-up for adrenaline to maintain those high energy levels {maintains energy}

25
Q

Acute stress

A

{short term} stress from specific events or situations that involve NUTS novelty, unpredictability, a threat to the ego, and leave us with a poor sense of control

26
Q

Chronic stress

A

stress from repeated exposure to situations that lead to the release of stress hormones - {long term} v.s acute

27
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

the ability to reason and {think flexibly}

28
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

refers to the {accumulated knowledge} of the world we have acquired throughout our lives

29
Q

Generalized intelligence (factor g)

A

relates to {abstract thinking} and that includes the abilities to acquire knowledge, to reason abstractly, to adapt to novel situations, and to benefit from instruction and experience.

30
Q

Convergent thinking

A

thinking that is directed toward {finding the correct answer} to a given problem

31
Q

Divergent thinking

A

the ability to {generate many different ideas or solutions} to a single problem.

32
Q

Triarchic theory of intelligence (Sternberg)
Hint: ways of being intelligent

A

people may display more or less
1. analytical intelligence
2. creative intelligence
3. practical intelligence

33
Q

Clusters of primary mental abilities (Thurstone)?

A

There are 7
1. word fluency
2. verbal comprehension
3. spatial ability
4. perceptual speed
5. numerical ability
6. inductive reasoning
7. memory

34
Q

Gardner’s multiple intelligence:

A

There are 8
1. Linguistic
2. Logico-mathematical
3. Spatial
4. Musical
5. Kinesthetic (body)
6. Interpersonal
7. Intrapersonal
8. Naturalistic

35
Q

The Wechsler Adult intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

A

most widely used intelligence test for adults

36
Q

Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)?

A

an individually administered IQ test used with children aged from 6 to 16. There are 10 primary subtests on the WISC-IV.

37
Q

The Flynn effect

A

the observation that scores on {intelligence tests worldwide have increased} substantially over the past decades

38
Q

Reliability

A

results of the test are consistent over time

39
Q

Construct validity (for intelligence tests)

A

ensure the test measures intelligence rather than something else

40
Q

The standardization of a test…

A

giving it to a large number of people at different ages, find the average score compare to norms that are based on the population.

41
Q

IQ is distributed in the population in the form of?

A

a normal distribution (or bell curve) which is the pattern of scores usually observed in a variable that clusters around its average

Psychology (1 decks)

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