test 2 Flashcards
morula
a mass of 12-16 cells that travels down the Fallopian tube into the uterus
blastula/blastocyte
a hallow ball of about 150 cells, implanting onto the uterine wall, then fully becomes imbedded into the wall
Which cell layer does the nervous system develop from?
ectoderm
neural plate
becomes neural tube and the neural crest cells
neural tube
becomes CNS, brain and spinal cord
neural crest cells
becomes PNS
what Is anencephaly?
failure of anterior tube to close, fatal
spina bifida
failure of posterior (bottom) tube to close
neuron proliferation
making of new neurons, 50,000-200,000 per second, from wk 6-17
migration
neurons move to specific parts of the central brain, influenced by genetics and biochemical environment. then gets a function
differentiation
transformation of cells, change based of new function or where they land. communicate with other neurons
synaptogenesis
-forming functional connections
-growing synapses
-increases rapidly after birth
-young children have many more then adults
myelination
-sheath formed on neuron in fetal period to speed transmission
-third trimester
-continues through early adulthood
how do neurons migrate?
they attach themselves to strands of glial fiber then slowly progress along the surface of the fiber
what happens in the nervous system during the 3rd trimester and the first 1-2 years of life?
the fetus gains weight and brain grows, the nervous system becomes more organized, more brain activity
pruning
-decrease in number of connections and number of neurons
-only keep what you use
-customized to your environment
age of viability
when the fetus has a chance of survival outside the womb
when does survivability reach 50%?
at 24 weeks
how would you characterize the adolescent brain?
-increase in dopamine neurotransmitter due to hormonal influence
-reward orientated
-nucleus accumbent
-myleination and maturation of PFC not complete until early adulthood
-lack of impulse control and planning
risky behaviors in adolescence
drinking alcohol, sex, fights, drinking and driving, smoking
risky behaviors in adolescence
drinking alcohol, sex, fights, drinking and driving, smoking
neuroplasticity
adaptability, change, rewiring or reorganization, response to experience
neuroplasticity
adaptability, change, rewiring or reorganization, response to experience
results of Rosenzweig and greenoughs experiments
rats develop more synaptic connections in their environment
epigenetics
study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
quiet/ deep sleep
peaceful
no facial movements
active/ light sleep
rem sleep
highest % of sleep
noisy
baby process what has happened into brain
drowsy
eyes open and close
glossy eyes
interventions to return to sleep
bouncing
quiet alert
wide eyes
learn the most and take in info
see hear and suck
active alert
most active
legs and arms move
most engage with baby but shouldnt
sensitive to external and internal stimuli
work to get baby back to calm
crying
direct communication for help
active interventions
which sleep stage is associated with REM sleep?
active sleep
why is REM sleep important to babies?
serves to build brain and strengthen synapse to connect neurons
