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psych 111 > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

iconic memory

A

memory for visual information

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2
Q

echoic memory

A

memory for auditory info

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3
Q

span of apprehension

A

number of items that can be attended to at one time with 50% accuracy

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4
Q

spellings whole report condition

A

participants report around 4

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5
Q

partial report condition

A

identify which row to report, not perception but sensation

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6
Q

attention

A

is a limited resource

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7
Q

conscious process

A

cannot do two at a time

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8
Q

selective attention

A

you decide what to pay attention to (shining a light)

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9
Q

filtering

A

ignoring other things actively (turning down volume)

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10
Q

short term memory/working memory

A

limited capacity and duration

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11
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

repeating over and over

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12
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

adding meaning to things

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13
Q

digit span

A

adults memorize 7/2 digits or chunks

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14
Q

forgetting in STM

A

thought simply decays or is interfered

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15
Q

how to get something from sensory to STM

A

pay attention

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16
Q

how to get something from STM to LTM

A

rehearse it

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17
Q

proactive interference

A

first words make last words harder to learn

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18
Q

retroactive interference

A

new information interferes with old information

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19
Q

amnesia

A

hippocampus is completely destroyed but not all memory is lost

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20
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

always observed with ante retrograde and shows strong temporal gradient

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21
Q

declarative long term memory

A

can speak/declare it (who the president was)

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22
Q

non declarative long term memory

A

you just do it (walk up stairs), does not require hippocampus

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23
Q

semantic memory

A

stuff that you know (date)

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24
Q

episodic memory

A

mental time travel, feelings and recalling experience

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25
Q

procedural memory

A

nondeclariative, just follow the procedure

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26
Q

flashbulb moments

A

vary salient episodic memory, thought to be remembered better but aren’t

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27
Q

semantic priming

A

concepts that are familiar to each other prime others
semantic memory formed by meaning and how things are related

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28
Q

free recall

A

no recall cues (free response)

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29
Q

cued recall

A

cues for recall (fill in blank)

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30
Q

recognition

A

retrial cue could be item (multiple choice)

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31
Q

reconstructive memory

A

every act of encoding is an act of retrieval and every act of retrieval is an act of encoding

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32
Q

Loftus and Palmer

A

different answers to questions based on wording

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33
Q

spacing effect

A

memory is better when repetitions are spaced, not massed

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34
Q

encoding retrieval matches

A

memory is best when conditions at retrieval match conditions present at encoding (scuba divers)

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35
Q

attribution

A

mental process of inferring the causes of or providing explanations for other peoples behavior

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36
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

blame the victim. individualistic. exception is ourselves and our in-group

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37
Q

actor observer discrepancy

A

part of FAE, blame external sources for our problems and internal sources for others

38
Q

self serving bias/beneffectance

A

successful outcomes due to ourselves, unsuccessful are external

39
Q

egocentricity

A

self perceived to be more central to events than it actually is (gambling)

40
Q

vicarious beneffectance

A

self associate with good but not bad outcomes of others

41
Q

cognitive conservation

A

the self is resistance to change, first impressions very important, scientists associating w own claims

42
Q

Johnstons groups performance

A

takes good credit for themselves, blames partner

43
Q

Soloman ash

A

more than 1/3 of time gave wrong answer as group confederates

44
Q

factors that promote conformity

A

give your response infront of a group, have not already expressed commitment, task is difficult, doubt your knowledge, strongly attracted to in group

45
Q

milligrams obedience

A

performance of an active response to the direct orders of an authority

46
Q

bystander effect

A

a bystander who is In the presence of others is less likely to help

47
Q

social loafing

A

put less effort into group tasks than they do individual tasks

48
Q

social facilitation

A

put more effort into group tasks if they are simple and well rehearsed

49
Q

deindividualization

A

diffusion of responsibility and anominimity

50
Q

affiliation

A

we do things because of the fear of being excluded, not because we want to be included

51
Q

schachters studies of affilitation

A

external events such as threats to mortality can elicit temporary states reflecting an increase in the need to affiliate

52
Q

criterion for social disorder

A

abnormality - circumstances considered
maladaptivness - seriously disrupts social life
personal distress - effects feelings

53
Q

sucide

A

women more likely to attempt, men more likely to die
widowed/divorced more likely to commit
marriage is more protective for men than women
6/7 are men in older ages

54
Q

id

A

completely unconscious, irrational immediate response

55
Q

ego

A

partly conscious, regulate thoughts and bring back to realtiy

56
Q

rerpession

A

forget to do something

57
Q

projection

A

can’t handle feelings - make it other peoples fault

58
Q

reaction formation

A

act opposite of what I’m feeling (playground romance)

59
Q

regression

A

deal with problems in age inappropriate way

60
Q

displacement

A

find someone new to act behaviors on

61
Q

sublimation

A

deal with emotions in socially acceptable way

62
Q

rationalization

A

downplay what bothers you

63
Q

denial

A

not just forgetting but actively denying

64
Q

undoing

A

karma, fixing problem in incorrect way

65
Q

superego

A

parly conscious, self evaluative, moral component

66
Q

trait perspective

A

relatively stable predisposed, stresses individual differences

67
Q

sybil and Hans eysneck

A

3 dimensions of personality
introversion/extroversion
neurotic/stable
psycoticsim/ tougminded or tender

68
Q

the big five

A

extroversion
introversion
agreableness
conscioencionoucness
openness
factors have 0 correlation with one another

69
Q

MMPI

A

hundred of true and false, can’t cheat, not up for interpertation

70
Q

internal validity

A

no confounding validity

71
Q

direct control

A

control/comparison group
selection of participants

72
Q

indirectly control

A

random assignment

73
Q

classical conditioning

A

conditioned responses to conditioned stimulus, unconditioned responses to unconditioned stimulus (response is the same, it is what the dog is responding to)

74
Q

backwards conditioning

A

reward before stimulus, difficult or impossible

75
Q

overshadowing

A

more than one conditioned stimulus, only one is needed

76
Q

rescola

A

two learning outcomes with equal parings do not produce equal learning
rats learn better when shock always comes with tone

77
Q

stimulus gereralization

A

little Albers fear of white rats – learned generalized area of stimulus

78
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

random stimulus will trigger response

79
Q

extinction

A

response to stimulus will decline over time

80
Q

gracia effect

A

within a species, certain associations will be easier to form than others

81
Q

operant conditioning

A

performance of voluntary behavior

82
Q

learned helplessness

A

do no try – give up. though they were operant the whole time

83
Q

observational learning

A

children can learn by observing and doing tasks

84
Q

aquisition

A

new operant reinforced

85
Q

inhibition

A

new operant punished

86
Q

disinhibition

A

operant loses inhibition in absence of punsihment

87
Q

facilitation

A

reinforced operant gets even stronger

88
Q

Edward chance Tomlin

A

latent learning expressed in rats

89
Q

encoding

A

how information is entered into storage

90
Q

strorage

A

how information is stored for later

91
Q

retrieval

A

how info is retrieved from storage

psych 111 (1 decks)

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