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Geology Quiz 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is most likely to be found the greatest distance from the side of the eruption

A

Basaltic lava

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2
Q

What do as and pahoehoe lavas have in common?

A

Both come from low-silica basaltic magmas

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3
Q

What region on earth has the largest concentration of composite volcanoes?

A

The pacific margin

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4
Q

Why do magma‘s rise towards earths surface?

A

Magma is less dense because it is hotter than solid rock of the same composition

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5
Q

Why do volcanoes like Mount Saint Helens irrupt explosively, whereas others like Kilauea are relatively quiescent?

A

The magma is associated with Mount Saint Helens or more viscous than those associated with Kilauea because they have more silica

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6
Q

Which of the following would be most helpful in determining where it would be safest to live near a possible active stratovolcano?

A

The ages, thickness, and distribution of welded tough, lahars, and Pyroclastic deposits around the volcano 

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7
Q

An increase in sulfur dioxide emissions is a sign that

A

A major eruption may occur within the next few days to years

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8
Q

The difference between soil and regolith is?

A

Soil is the layer of Material that includes a mixture of rock fragments in organic matter, well regolith is the layer of rock fragments

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9
Q

Soil is considered to be an interface between spears because:

A

It contains water, air, rock, and organic matter

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10
Q

The ideal place to develop a good soil is:

A

On gently varying topography

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11
Q

By definition, the blank is composed of “Partly alter the parent material”

A

C - horizon

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12
Q

Where would you expect to get the thinnest o layer in a soil profile?

A

In a desert

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13
Q

In terrain where a steep hill slopes, which crop and cultivation technique will minimize soil erosion?

A

Apples; land between the trees is planted in grass and not cultivated

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14
Q

The major types of stress are:

A

Sheer, tension, and compression

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15
Q

Which of the following make it more likely that a Rockwell bend instead of breaking?

A

High confining pressure, high temperature, weak chemical bonds

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16
Q

Reverse faults are associated with:

A

Compressional stresses that characterize convergent boundaries

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17
Q

The relationship between stress and strain is:

A

The strain is the result of stress

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18
Q

How is brittle deformation different from ductile deformation?

A

Brittle deformation produces joints and faults, well ductile deformation produces folds.

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19
Q

The Black Hills of South Dakota or a large storm that has been deeply eroded. Where would you find the youngest exposed rocks associated with the dome?

A

Along the outside edges of the dome

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20
Q

For the fault indicated in the figure below, which side is the hanging wall?

A

A is the hanging wall

21
Q

Which type of fault is shown in the figure below?

A

Normal fault

22
Q

For the fault shown in the figure below, how is the region changed or deformed?

A

It gets longer

23
Q

If I drawl a line connecting to nearby points of equal elevation on an indicated there, the orientation of that line would be called the blank direction

A

Strike

24
Q

Over the oceans, evaporation exceeds precipitation, so why doesn’t the sea level go down?

A

Because the runoff from continents is about the same as the lost evaporation

25
Q

If the glaciers melted, sea level would rise:

A

Tens of meters

26
Q

How Might a water gap form?

A

A stream may already exist when the land starts to uplift beneath it and the stream will stay on its channel and cut down as the land goes up

27
Q

What are the three main zones of a river system?

A

Sentimental production, sediment transport, and sediment deposition

28
Q

Why does the strength of a stream increase towards the center of the stream

A

Because that is where the frictional residence is the least

29
Q

Why does discharge (volume/distance) in a stream usually increase downstream?

A

Because the volume of water in the stream increases with distance from the source

30
Q

Which of the following is not influenced by stream velocity?

A

Dissolved load

31
Q

Sorting happens in a stream because:

A

Streams deposit their largest particles first

32
Q

How does a Oxbow Lake form?

A

An upper meander in a stream erodes enough of its bank to connect to a lower meander and cut off intervening loop which then becomes an oxbow lake

33
Q

Slot canyons form in:

A

Bedrock of arid regions

34
Q

If the best level for an existing graded stream rises, how is the stream likely to respond?

A

The stream will increase sedimentation starting near the new base level and moving upstream overtime

35
Q

What is causing the Mississippi river delta in the wetlands to shrink?

A

The construction of dams in levees on the river has decreased the sedimentary supply to the Delta and wetlands

36
Q

A 100 year flood

A

is larger than a 50 year flood

37
Q

The type of deformation associated directly with the generation of seismic waves is:

A

Elastic

38
Q

What causes earthquakes along the San Andreas fault zone in California?

A

It is a transform plate boundary we are one plate a sliding past another

39
Q

What type of fault is the most destructive?

A

Reverse

40
Q

What is the relationship between the length of the fault rupture, the size of the earthquake, and the duration of the earthquake,

A

The largest earthquakes have the largest rupture lengths in the longest duration because there is enough energy to overcome friction over a large distance

41
Q

What type of wave motion is shown in the figure below

A

Secondary

42
Q

What type of seismic waves tend to cause the greatest destruction two buildings?

A

Surface waves

43
Q

Why are surface waves more destructive than body waves?

A

Because surface waves shake the ground for longer and are stronger than body waves

44
Q

Blank have the highest velocity‘s

A

Primary waves

45
Q

An earthquake magnitude of seven releases blank times as much energy as an earthquake with a magnitude of six

A

32

46
Q

If you build a house in an earthquake prone area, which of the following would be the best choice for building materials?

A

Wood

47
Q

In 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Sumatra was located in which of the following systems?

A

Alpine Himalayan belt

48
Q

Why are seismic gap so useful in making long-term earthquake predictions?

A

Because stress builds up steadily along plate boundaries making it likely that earthquakes will occur the regularly

Geology Quiz 2 (1 decks)

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