TEST 2

Question 1

Expected findings with pheochromocytoma.

Answer 1

Can be harmful because it increases blood pressure and tachycardia
Findings: dilated pupils, expand airway, increase blood pressure, and
headaches. SYMPTOMS COME AND GO!

Question 2

What is acromegaly- what hormone? Where is it produced? Is the pituitary
involved?

Answer 2

Child: grow tall because the growth plate is still open.
Adult: things get bigger like hands because the growth plate is closed.

Question 3

What is produced too much of with Cushing’s?

Answer 3

Too much cortisol is produced by the adrenal gland. Thin skin, stretch marks (striae) that are purple, can lead to diabetes,
~ANYTHING THAT CAUSES CORTISOL TO INCREASE/ RUSH.

Question 4

What are the indications of hyperthyroidism? How would the client feel,
what do they look like?

Answer 4

higher heart rate, sweat, feel anxious
or nervous, or weight loss.

Question 5

How does PID affect fertility and why?

Answer 5

cause infertility because it can cause
scarring to the fallopian tube which will hinder the eggs from becoming
fertilized.

Question 6

What kind of cancer does a Pap smear detect?

Answer 6

Cervical cancer commonly caused by HPV

Question 7

Why is the death rate from ovarian cancer so high?

Answer 7

There are no good/ reliable screenings to detect ovarian cancer. Luckily it is
a rare cancer. Symptoms show up late.

Question 8

What kind of vaginal infection do women taking antibiotics often get?
Why?

Answer 8

Candidiasis (yeast infection) (thrus) because antibiotics kill widespread of
bacteria even the good ones in the vagina.

Question 9

What is pyelonephritis; how is it different that cystitis

Answer 9

Pyelonephritis refers to an infection in the kidneys. Cystitis refers to an
infection in the bladder. Pyelo has systemic symptoms (fever), cystitis does
not usually

Question 10

What usually precedes the start of glomerulonephritis?

Answer 10

Strep throat infection or group A strep rash (same bacteria causes both the
rash and the sore throat). Post-strep glomerulonephritis occurs 2-3 weeks
after the rash/sore throat.

Question 11

How should patients at risk for renal calculi try and prevent them

Answer 11

Drink more water. Less soda. Avoid dehydration. Some medications can
help (thiazide diuretics for calcium oxalate kidney stones). There are
different types of kidney stones, most common are calcium oxalate.

Question 12

Vitamin that the kidney activates

Answer 12

Vitamin D  helps with calcium absorption

Question 13

What hormones does the kidney produce and what do they do

Answer 13

Erythropoietin and increases the number of red blood cells by stimulating
the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.

RAAS - blood pressure regulation by modulating blood volume, sodium reabsorption, potassium secretion, water reabsorption, and vascular tone

Renin -It controls the production of another hormone called aldosterone

Question 14

Risk factors for UTI

Answer 14

Being female, congenital urinary tract abnormalities, immobility, urinary or
bowel incontinence (catheter), decreased cognition, improper personal
hygiene, pregnancy, impaired immune response, and benign prostatic
hypertrophy in men.

Question 15

What is a rectocele and what are the manifestations that a patient will
report?

Answer 15

Symptoms: seeing the rectum from the vagina opening, feeling of fullness
in the pelvis or vagina, difficulty defecating, rectal pressure, and bowel
incontinence. Due to weak muscles in the pelvis.

Question 16

What makes a man at risk for chronic bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 16

Urinary or reproductive system, HIV/AIDS, and catheter.
Younger men: gonorrhea / chlamydia (unprotected sex)
Older men: e coli (hygiene)

Question 17

what is oncotic pressure and what does it do?

Answer 17

The oncotic pressure is when the water pulls to albumin like a magnet.
Albumin provides oncotic pressure. Less albumin, less oncotic pressure.

Question 18

hydrostatic pressure.

Answer 18

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure the water makes just by being there
and it naturally wants to push/ move outwards (only water).

Question 19

What physical manifestation would be expected with that fluid movement?

Answer 19

edema

Question 20

What causes low oncotic pressure?

Answer 20

Liver failure/ low albumin

Question 21

Stress incontinence

Answer 21

the loss of urine pressure when coughing, sneezing,
laughing, exercising, or lifting heavy.

Question 22

Reflex incontinence

Answer 22

caused by trauma or damage to the nervous system,
detrusor hyperreflexia (increased detrusor muscle contractility). Seen with
spinal cord injury and neurologic disease.

Question 23

Overflow incontinence

Answer 23

the inability to empty the bladder or retention
(dribbling urine or weak urine output).

Question 24

A lab test to diagnose cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

Sweat chloride testing and kids have a high amount of chloride in their
sweat with cystic fibrosis.

Question 25

What is going on in the lungs with Cystic fibrosis?

Answer 25

Airway fill with thick and sticky mucus making it hard to breathe.

Question 26

Sx of laryngotracheobronchitis

Answer 26

barking cough, difficulty breathing, tachypnea, loud breathing,
shortness of breath, wheezing, hoarseness, impaired voice, low-grade
fever, sore throat dyspnea, and anxiety.

Question 27

What is Cushing’s Triad? What does it indicate?

Answer 27

Cushing’s triad is a sign of increased intracranial pressure. Consists of
bradycardia, dyspnea, and widened pulse pressure.

Question 28

What is the difference between an ischemic and a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 28

Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain becomes
blocked. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel bursts and is
leaking into the brain.

Question 29

What is a concussion? What is affected?

Answer 29

A concussion is a momentary and reversible interruption of brain function.

Question 30

what’s the difference between a focal and a generalized seizure?

Answer 30

Focal seizure starts at one area of the brain and generalized seizures can
start as focal seizures that spread to both sides of the brain.