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Biochem Test 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate polynucleotide synthesis.

A

False

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2
Q

ALL of the following changes would decrease the melting temperature of DNA EXCEPT:
a) Increasing the concentration of magnesium (Mg2+), a cation
b) Increasing the pH
c) Addition of non-polar solvents
d) Increasing the number of base pair mismatches

A

a) Increasing the concentration of magnesium (Mg2+), a cation

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3
Q

How many bonds do A/U bonds make?

A

2-H bonds

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4
Q

How many bonds do C/G bonds make?

A

3-H bonds

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5
Q

What type of bonds are the most stable?

A

C/G

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6
Q

Helicase

A

essential enzymes that are responsible for unwinding/melting duplex nucleic acid structures

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7
Q

When DNA “melts,” which bonds are broken?

a) Glycosidic
b) Hydrogen
c) Phosphodiester

A

b) Hydrogen

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8
Q

Which of the following is a substrate for DNA polymerase?

a) AMP
b) dATP
c) ATP
d) dAMP

A

b) dATP

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9
Q

What is the 5’ end of DNA Synthesis synonymous with?

A

the phosphate group

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10
Q

What is the 3’ end of DNA Synthesis synonymous with?

A

A hydroxyl

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11
Q

Nucleotide base tautomerization:

a) has no effect on replication fidelity.
b) disrupts base pairing by changing hydrogen bond donors to acceptors, or vice versa.
c) only affects cytosine.
d) affects the glycosidic bond with ribose.

A

b) disrupts base pairing by changing hydrogen bond donors to acceptors, or vice versa.

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12
Q

What type of ploymerase is Telomerase?

A

DNA

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13
Q

What template is Telomerase associated with?

A

RNA

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14
Q

DNA polymerase fails to recognize that an incorrect nucleotide has been incorporated, resulting in a mismatch. Which repair pathway will correct this mistake?

a) Base excision repair
b) Nucleotide excision repair
c) Mismatch repair
d) Direct repair by methyltransferases

A

c) Mismatch repair

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15
Q

What is the only form of DNA in which you might find “hoogsteen bases”

A

Z-DNA

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16
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

A DNA polymerase that is used to repair pathways

17
Q

T/F: A polymerase will fill in the gaps, and a ligase will seal it up.

A

True

18
Q

Tyrosine recombinase mechanism

A

A sequence-specific recombinase that uses tyrosine as its active site residue, and proceeds through two sequential single-strand breaks to form a Holliday junction intermediate.

19
Q

What components of RNA polymerase tell it what DNA sequences are “promoters”

A

Sigma factors

20
Q

T/F: A sigma factor links the RNA polymerase to specific stretches of DNA that serve as a promoter.

A

True

21
Q

T/F: The catalytic portion of RNA polymerase can bind without a sigma factor.

A

False. the catalytic portion would have no idea what sequences it should bind to and initiate transcription from.

22
Q

What can form thymine dimers?

A

Pyrimidines

23
Q

T/F: Purines can form thymine dimers

A

False

24
Q

Exonuclease

A

An enzyme that cleaves nucleotides one at a time from the end of a nucleic acid.

25
Q

Structure of Purines

A

Adenine and Guanine

26
Q

Structure of Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine and Thymine

27
Q

Ribozyme

A

exclusively made from RNA

28
Q

Telomerase

A

Telomerase extends the end of the DNA strand. Since it has an RNA template within itself, during DNA replication, telomerase uses the RNA template to bind DNA at the end of the chromosome. After that occurs, Telomerase then polymerizes the end of the DNA strand using the RNA within itself as the template.

29
Q

Nucleotides

A

building blocks of nucleic acid polymers

30
Q

What are nucleotides comprised of?

A

A base, deoxyribose, and PO4

31
Q

T/F: Nucleic Acids can be single-stranded or multi-stranded

A

True

32
Q

Where would you find nucleotides in both the syn and anti-conformation?

A

Z-form double-stranded DNA

33
Q

B- form DNA

A

C2’ endo conformation puts the phosphates further apart

Biochem Test 2 (2 decks)

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