TEST 2 Flashcards
Which of the following types of ridges are “counted” in the primary Henry classification of a set of prints?
a.All of the above
b. Whorls
c.Arches
d. Loops
whorls
A radial loop:
a.Always opens toward the left
b. Comprises 50 percent of all fingerprints
c.Is a type of whorl pattern
d. Opens toward the thumb side of the hand
Opens toward the thumb side of the hand
IAFIS is:
a. A type of automated searching system for fingerprints
b. An abbreviation for a type of chemical that is used to cause fingerprints to fluoresce
c. A federal agency that sets standards for forensic evidence analysis
d. The International Association that sets standards for fingerprint analysis
A type of automated searching system for fingerprints
Ruhemann’s purple is:
a. The color that Rhodamine 6G emits when an argon laser is shined on it
b. Formed from the reaction of cyanoacrylate with fingerprint residues
c. Formed from the reaction of silver nitrate and fingerprint residues
d. Formed from the reaction of ninhydrin with fingerprint residues
Formed from the reaction of ninhydrin with fingerprint residues
Which of the following is NOT a type of whorl pattern:
Tented arch
Double loop
Accidental
Central pocket loop
tented arch
Alphonse Bertillion was famous for:
Recognizing that fingerprints were individual
Developing a system of body measurements to identify people
Discovering Super Glue fuming
Discovering ninhydrin
Developing a system of body measurements to identify people
When AFIS searches its database of fingerprints it searches for which types of patterns:
Whorls and loops
Ridge endings and enclosures
Ridge endings and bifurcations
Arches and loops
Ridge endings and bifurcations
Iodine fumes adhere to what type of fingerprint residue:
Amino acids
Salts
Water
Lipids and fats
lipids and fats
Ninhydrin reacts with what type of fingerprint residue:
Water
Salts
Lipids and fats
Amino acids
Amino acids
Three dimensional footwear evidence can be preserved by:
Dusting
Fuming
Casting
Photography
casting
Tire impressions are important because:
They match the type of vehicle
They can be matched to a specific tire
They show directions
They are permanent
They can be matched to a specific tire
one type of fingerprint with two deltas
whorl
one type of fingerprint with no deltas
arch
change of phase from solid directly to gas
sublimation
A liquid fluorescent dye used to enhance fingerprints
Rhodamine 6G
Which of the following is NOTa good practice in taking requested handwriting exemplars?
Use the same type of writing implement and paper as the questioned document
Collect a lot of writing samples
Dictate the requested exemplar
Have the subject copy the questioned document
Have the subject copy the questioned document
Which of the following is NOTa good practice in taking requested handwriting exemplars?
Use the same type of writing implement and paper as the questioned document
Collect a lot of writing samples
Dictate the requested exemplar
Have the subject copy the questioned document
Have the subject copy the questioned document
Which of the following is NOT an example of a questioned document?
All of the above are examples of questioned documents
A copy of a ten dollar bill made in a photocopier
A stolen traveler’s check
A forged passport
A threatening message written in spray paint on the side of someone’s house
All of the above are examples of questioned documents
Which of the following is NOT true of a questioned document examiner?
They usually perform two to three year apprenticeships with a practicing questioned document examiner
There is an opportunity for a questioned document examiner to achieve certification after training
Questioned document examiners do not have to have a college degree to become certified.
They can learn their craft solely by getting a college degree in questioned document examination
Questioned document examiners do not have to have a college degree to become certified.
Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method for revealing indented writing?
ESDA
Rubbing with a pencil lead
Intense lighting
Oblique lighting
Rubbing with a pencil lead
Which of the following methods is used for the comparison of ink samples?
Gas chromatography
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Thin layer chromatography
Infrared spectrophotometry
Thin layer chromatography
In the Mormon will case, discussed in the beginning of this chapter, one of the characteristics of the will that indicated that it was NOT Howard Hughes’ writing was:
It was written in pencil
It was not signed
It was entirely handwritten
It was written in a forced, halting manner
It was written in a forced, halting manner
Which of the following is NOT true of handwriting?
It is a subconscious behavior
It can change with the context of the writing
It changes throughout life
It is not affected by drugs or alcohol
It is not affected by drugs or alcohol
Which of the following practices of collecting exemplars will help to minimize the chance of a writer deliberately altering his writing?
Always use lined paper to make sure that the subject writes in a straight line
Dictate long passages
Have the subject stand up while writing
Show the subject the questioned document
Dictate long passages
ESDA is used mainly for:
Identifying ink
Determining that a document is a photocopy
Determining the age of a handwritten document
Reading indented writing
Reading indented writing
Which of the following is most likely to develop individual characteristics when it is used over a long period of time?
Dot matrix printing
Photocopying
Laser jet printing
Typewriting
Typewriting
Method of teaching printing
palmer method
Rifling of a barrel refers to:
The lands and grooves in the barrel
Extractor markings
The stria in the barrel
The firing pin impression
The lands and grooves in the barrel
Which markings will NOT be found on a cartridge casing fired from a revolver?
Extractor markings
Breechface markings
Firing pin impressions
Extractor markings
Which of the following is a class characteristic of a fired bullet or cartridge casing?
Ejector markings
Bullet striations
Breechface markings
Number of lands and grooves
Number of lands and grooves
Which of the following is true of distance-of-firing determinations of shotguns?
Intermediate targets have no effect on distance-of-firing determinations
Distance of firings cannot be determined with shotguns
The same weapon and ammunition must be used to determine the distance of firing
When a human being is the target, distance-of-firing determinations are easy because all of the pellets usually hit the target
The same weapon and ammunition must be used to determine the distance of firing
Which of the following is true about stria in a barrel of a gun?
They are class characteristics
They never change as the weapon is fired repeatedly
They are initially made by the tool that makes the barrel
They are present in all weapons
They are initially made by the tool that makes the barrel
The major propellant used in firearms today is:
Sodium azide
Black powder
Smokeless powder
Mercury fuminate
Smokeless powder
Which of the following is NOT a rifled weapon?
Machine gun
Shotgun
Submachine gun
Pistol
shotgun
Today, “caliber” is defined in the United States as:
The length of the bullet in inches
The distance from the bottom of the opposite grooves in the barrel
The diameter of the base of the cartridge in the thousandth of inches
The distance from the top of opposite lands in the barrel
The diameter of the base of the cartridge in the thousandth of inches
Which of the following is true about serial number restoration?
The metal below a stamped serial number is more dense than the surrounding metal, making it slower to dissolve in an etching solution
The metal below a stamped serial number is strained, making it faster to dissolve in etching solution than the surrounding metal
Serial numbers can be restored on any surface
Once restored, serial numbers remain visible permanently
The metal below a stamped serial number is strained, making it faster to dissolve in etching solution than the surrounding metal
in the Sacco-Vanzetti case discussed at the beginning of the chapter, the jury based its guilty finding mainly on:
Sacco’s admission of guilt on the stand in his trial
The fact that the type of ammunition used in the killings was very rare and only the defendants had any of it
The matching striations on the bullets to Sacco’s gun as determined by a firearms examiner
The fact that all of the firearms examiners for the defense and prosecution agreed that the bullets taken from the dead guard matched Sacco’s weapon
The fact that the type of ammunition used in the killings was very rare and only the defendants had any of it
Determining the path of a bullet is considered to be part of the study of:
Ballistics
Firearms identification
Toolmark identification
Trajectories
Ballistics
Which of the following weapons does NOT have rifling in the barrel?
Shotgun
Revolver
Handgun
Pistol
Shotgun
A metal device that grips a cartridge after firing
extractor
A pressure activated explosive mixture in a gun
primer
Which of the following is NOT a manner of death?
natural causes
accidental
suicide
homicide
heart attack
heart attack
The original function of the coroner in medieval England was:
legal adviser to the King
tax collector
town crier
pathologist
surgeon
tax collector
Today, the medical examiner:
determines cause and manner of death
is appointed
performs all of these functions
signs the death certificate
must be a physician
performs all of these functions
If a body has been discovered several days after death, the PMI may be determined by:
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
none of these
insect activity
bloating
insect activity
Settling of the blood to the lower parts of the body after death is called:
bloating
none of these
Livor mortis
Rigor mortis
Algor mortis
Livor mortis
Analysis of the blood and body fluids to determine if drugs or poisons contributed to the death is part of:
clinical pathology
anatomic pathology
systemic pathology
the coroner’s responsibility
none of these
clinical pathology
Which of the following is not a duty of a pathologist who attends a crime scene when a body is discovered?
make sure the person is dead
supervise the search for trace evidence around the body
collect data concerning the PMI
begin the autopsy
authorize transport of the body to the morgue
begin the autopsy
When someone has been poisoned by carbon monoxide, the main pattern of injury is:
accelerated rigor mortis
hemorrhaging in the eyes
red coloration of the skin
blue coloration around the eyes
bleeding around the mouth
red coloration of the skin
When someone has been killed by a contact shot, the area around the wound shows:
little if any bleeding
blackening and swelling
a large entry wound
lots of stippling
a wound the size of the caliber of the bullet
blackening and swelling
Which of the following circumstances surrounding a death would be least likely to be investigated by the medical examiner or coroner?
A heart attack in an elderly woman while at home
A death in the hospital during major surgery
A boy killed while deer hunting
A death in a two car auto crash
A body hidden under some brush in the woods
A death in the hospital during major surgery
Stiffening of the joints after death
rigor mortis
Examination of the body after death
autopsy
cooling of the body after death
algor mortis
Time since death
PMI
Pooling of blood into lower parts after death
livor mortis
Fingerprints
individual or class
individual
Toolmarks
individual or class
individual
Tire treads (both new and used)
individual or class
class
Footwear treads (both new and used)
class or individual
class
Bullet casings
class or individual
class
Slugs
class or individual
class
Toolmarks
class or individual
individual
Handwriting
class or individual
individual
class evidence
properties of physical evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source. If evidence is determined to possess class characteristics it may serve as a mechanism to reduce the number of suspects, but it cannot be directly connected to one person or source
individual evidence
properties of physical evidence that can be attributed to a common source with a high degree of certainty.
henrys system of fingerprint classification
Henry’s classification system assigned a value to each individual finger. Fingers number 1 and 2, being the right thumb and right index, held a value of 16. Fingers number 3 and 4, the right middle and ring, held a value of 8, and so on.
What are level 1, level 2, and level 3 details on fingerprints?
Level 1 (pattern), Level 2 (minutiae points) and Level 3 (pores and ridge shape).
