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FORENSIC SCIENCE > TEST 2 > Flashcards

TEST 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following types of ridges are “counted” in the primary Henry classification of a set of prints?
a.All of the above
b. Whorls
c.Arches
d. Loops

A

whorls

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2
Q

A radial loop:
a.Always opens toward the left
b. Comprises 50 percent of all fingerprints
c.Is a type of whorl pattern
d. Opens toward the thumb side of the hand

A

Opens toward the thumb side of the hand

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3
Q

IAFIS is:
a. A type of automated searching system for fingerprints
b. An abbreviation for a type of chemical that is used to cause fingerprints to fluoresce
c. A federal agency that sets standards for forensic evidence analysis
d. The International Association that sets standards for fingerprint analysis

A

A type of automated searching system for fingerprints

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4
Q

Ruhemann’s purple is:
a. The color that Rhodamine 6G emits when an argon laser is shined on it
b. Formed from the reaction of cyanoacrylate with fingerprint residues
c. Formed from the reaction of silver nitrate and fingerprint residues
d. Formed from the reaction of ninhydrin with fingerprint residues

A

Formed from the reaction of ninhydrin with fingerprint residues

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of whorl pattern:
Tented arch
Double loop
Accidental
Central pocket loop

A

tented arch

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6
Q

Alphonse Bertillion was famous for:
Recognizing that fingerprints were individual
Developing a system of body measurements to identify people
Discovering Super Glue fuming
Discovering ninhydrin

A

Developing a system of body measurements to identify people

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7
Q

When AFIS searches its database of fingerprints it searches for which types of patterns:
Whorls and loops
Ridge endings and enclosures
Ridge endings and bifurcations
Arches and loops

A

Ridge endings and bifurcations

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8
Q

Iodine fumes adhere to what type of fingerprint residue:
Amino acids
Salts
Water
Lipids and fats

A

lipids and fats

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9
Q

Ninhydrin reacts with what type of fingerprint residue:
Water
Salts
Lipids and fats
Amino acids

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

Three dimensional footwear evidence can be preserved by:
Dusting
Fuming
Casting
Photography

A

casting

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11
Q

Tire impressions are important because:
They match the type of vehicle
They can be matched to a specific tire
They show directions
They are permanent

A

They can be matched to a specific tire

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12
Q

one type of fingerprint with two deltas

A

whorl

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13
Q

one type of fingerprint with no deltas

A

arch

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14
Q

change of phase from solid directly to gas

A

sublimation

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15
Q

A liquid fluorescent dye used to enhance fingerprints

A

Rhodamine 6G

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOTa good practice in taking requested handwriting exemplars?
Use the same type of writing implement and paper as the questioned document
Collect a lot of writing samples
Dictate the requested exemplar
Have the subject copy the questioned document

A

Have the subject copy the questioned document

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOTa good practice in taking requested handwriting exemplars?
Use the same type of writing implement and paper as the questioned document
Collect a lot of writing samples
Dictate the requested exemplar
Have the subject copy the questioned document

A

Have the subject copy the questioned document

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of a questioned document?
All of the above are examples of questioned documents
A copy of a ten dollar bill made in a photocopier
A stolen traveler’s check
A forged passport
A threatening message written in spray paint on the side of someone’s house

A

All of the above are examples of questioned documents

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of a questioned document examiner?
They usually perform two to three year apprenticeships with a practicing questioned document examiner
There is an opportunity for a questioned document examiner to achieve certification after training
Questioned document examiners do not have to have a college degree to become certified.
They can learn their craft solely by getting a college degree in questioned document examination

A

Questioned document examiners do not have to have a college degree to become certified.

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method for revealing indented writing?
ESDA
Rubbing with a pencil lead
Intense lighting
Oblique lighting

A

Rubbing with a pencil lead

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20
Q

Which of the following methods is used for the comparison of ink samples?
Gas chromatography
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Thin layer chromatography
Infrared spectrophotometry

A

Thin layer chromatography

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21
Q

In the Mormon will case, discussed in the beginning of this chapter, one of the characteristics of the will that indicated that it was NOT Howard Hughes’ writing was:
It was written in pencil
It was not signed
It was entirely handwritten
It was written in a forced, halting manner

A

It was written in a forced, halting manner

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of handwriting?
It is a subconscious behavior
It can change with the context of the writing
It changes throughout life
It is not affected by drugs or alcohol

A

It is not affected by drugs or alcohol

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23
Q

Which of the following practices of collecting exemplars will help to minimize the chance of a writer deliberately altering his writing?
Always use lined paper to make sure that the subject writes in a straight line
Dictate long passages
Have the subject stand up while writing
Show the subject the questioned document

A

Dictate long passages

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24
Q

ESDA is used mainly for:
Identifying ink
Determining that a document is a photocopy
Determining the age of a handwritten document
Reading indented writing

A

Reading indented writing

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25
Q

Which of the following is most likely to develop individual characteristics when it is used over a long period of time?
Dot matrix printing
Photocopying
Laser jet printing
Typewriting

A

Typewriting

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26
Q

Method of teaching printing

A

palmer method

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27
Q

Rifling of a barrel refers to:
The lands and grooves in the barrel
Extractor markings
The stria in the barrel
The firing pin impression

A

The lands and grooves in the barrel

28
Q

Which markings will NOT be found on a cartridge casing fired from a revolver?
Extractor markings
Breechface markings
Firing pin impressions

A

Extractor markings

29
Q

Which of the following is a class characteristic of a fired bullet or cartridge casing?
Ejector markings
Bullet striations
Breechface markings
Number of lands and grooves

A

Number of lands and grooves

30
Q

Which of the following is true of distance-of-firing determinations of shotguns?
Intermediate targets have no effect on distance-of-firing determinations
Distance of firings cannot be determined with shotguns
The same weapon and ammunition must be used to determine the distance of firing
When a human being is the target, distance-of-firing determinations are easy because all of the pellets usually hit the target

A

The same weapon and ammunition must be used to determine the distance of firing

31
Q

Which of the following is true about stria in a barrel of a gun?
They are class characteristics
They never change as the weapon is fired repeatedly
They are initially made by the tool that makes the barrel
They are present in all weapons

A

They are initially made by the tool that makes the barrel

32
Q

The major propellant used in firearms today is:
Sodium azide
Black powder
Smokeless powder
Mercury fuminate

A

Smokeless powder

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT a rifled weapon?
Machine gun
Shotgun
Submachine gun
Pistol

A

shotgun

34
Q

Today, “caliber” is defined in the United States as:
The length of the bullet in inches
The distance from the bottom of the opposite grooves in the barrel
The diameter of the base of the cartridge in the thousandth of inches
The distance from the top of opposite lands in the barrel

A

The diameter of the base of the cartridge in the thousandth of inches

35
Q

Which of the following is true about serial number restoration?
The metal below a stamped serial number is more dense than the surrounding metal, making it slower to dissolve in an etching solution
The metal below a stamped serial number is strained, making it faster to dissolve in etching solution than the surrounding metal
Serial numbers can be restored on any surface
Once restored, serial numbers remain visible permanently

A

The metal below a stamped serial number is strained, making it faster to dissolve in etching solution than the surrounding metal

36
Q

in the Sacco-Vanzetti case discussed at the beginning of the chapter, the jury based its guilty finding mainly on:
Sacco’s admission of guilt on the stand in his trial
The fact that the type of ammunition used in the killings was very rare and only the defendants had any of it
The matching striations on the bullets to Sacco’s gun as determined by a firearms examiner
The fact that all of the firearms examiners for the defense and prosecution agreed that the bullets taken from the dead guard matched Sacco’s weapon

A

The fact that the type of ammunition used in the killings was very rare and only the defendants had any of it

37
Q

Determining the path of a bullet is considered to be part of the study of:
Ballistics
Firearms identification
Toolmark identification
Trajectories

A

Ballistics

38
Q

Which of the following weapons does NOT have rifling in the barrel?
Shotgun
Revolver
Handgun
Pistol

A

Shotgun

39
Q

A metal device that grips a cartridge after firing

A

extractor

40
Q

A pressure activated explosive mixture in a gun

A

primer

41
Q

Which of the following is NOT a manner of death?
natural causes
accidental
suicide
homicide
heart attack

A

heart attack

42
Q

The original function of the coroner in medieval England was:
legal adviser to the King
tax collector
town crier
pathologist
surgeon

A

tax collector

43
Q

Today, the medical examiner:
determines cause and manner of death
is appointed
performs all of these functions
signs the death certificate
must be a physician

A

performs all of these functions

44
Q

If a body has been discovered several days after death, the PMI may be determined by:
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
none of these
insect activity
bloating

A

insect activity

45
Q

Settling of the blood to the lower parts of the body after death is called:
bloating
none of these
Livor mortis
Rigor mortis
Algor mortis

A

Livor mortis

46
Q

Analysis of the blood and body fluids to determine if drugs or poisons contributed to the death is part of:
clinical pathology
anatomic pathology
systemic pathology
the coroner’s responsibility
none of these

A

clinical pathology

47
Q

Which of the following is not a duty of a pathologist who attends a crime scene when a body is discovered?
make sure the person is dead
supervise the search for trace evidence around the body
collect data concerning the PMI
begin the autopsy
authorize transport of the body to the morgue

A

begin the autopsy

48
Q

When someone has been poisoned by carbon monoxide, the main pattern of injury is:
accelerated rigor mortis
hemorrhaging in the eyes
red coloration of the skin
blue coloration around the eyes
bleeding around the mouth

A

red coloration of the skin

49
Q

When someone has been killed by a contact shot, the area around the wound shows:
little if any bleeding
blackening and swelling
a large entry wound
lots of stippling
a wound the size of the caliber of the bullet

A

blackening and swelling

50
Q

Which of the following circumstances surrounding a death would be least likely to be investigated by the medical examiner or coroner?
A heart attack in an elderly woman while at home
A death in the hospital during major surgery
A boy killed while deer hunting
A death in a two car auto crash
A body hidden under some brush in the woods

A

A death in the hospital during major surgery

51
Q

Stiffening of the joints after death

A

rigor mortis

52
Q

Examination of the body after death

A

autopsy

53
Q

cooling of the body after death

A

algor mortis

54
Q

Time since death

A

PMI

55
Q

Pooling of blood into lower parts after death

A

livor mortis

56
Q

Fingerprints
individual or class

A

individual

57
Q

Toolmarks
individual or class

A

individual

58
Q

Tire treads (both new and used)
individual or class

A

class

59
Q

Footwear treads (both new and used)
class or individual

A

class

60
Q

Bullet casings
class or individual

A

class

61
Q

Slugs
class or individual

A

class

62
Q

Toolmarks
class or individual

A

individual

63
Q

Handwriting
class or individual

A

individual

64
Q

class evidence

A

properties of physical evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source. If evidence is determined to possess class characteristics it may serve as a mechanism to reduce the number of suspects, but it cannot be directly connected to one person or source

65
Q

individual evidence

A

properties of physical evidence that can be attributed to a common source with a high degree of certainty.

66
Q

henrys system of fingerprint classification

A

Henry’s classification system assigned a value to each individual finger. Fingers number 1 and 2, being the right thumb and right index, held a value of 16. Fingers number 3 and 4, the right middle and ring, held a value of 8, and so on.

67
Q

What are level 1, level 2, and level 3 details on fingerprints?

A

Level 1 (pattern), Level 2 (minutiae points) and Level 3 (pores and ridge shape).

FORENSIC SCIENCE (1 decks)

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