Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of proteins in sarcomeres that needed for contraction?

A

Contractile, structural, and regulatory.

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2
Q

What does the contractile protein do?

A

Actin and myosin - regulates muscle contractions.

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3
Q

What do structural proteins do?

A

Titin, neublin, and desmin- titin and neublin stabilize sarcomere and hold myofibrils together.

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4
Q

What do regulatory proteins do?

A

Troponin and tropomyosin - regulate muscle contractions.

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5
Q

What are the two types of muscle fiber types?

A

Red (oxidative and slow - wild ducks) and white (glycolytic and fast - domesticated chickens).

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6
Q

Can fiber types change? If so, why?

A

Yes, exercise can change the fiber amount and how the muscle moves can too.

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7
Q

The muscle metabolism for glycolytic/anaerobic does what?

A

Produces ATP and lactic acid, does not require oxygen, and has a fast metabolism.

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8
Q

The muscle metabolism for oxidative/aerobic does what?

A

Metabolizes lactic acid to produce ATP (through TCA cycle and electron transport chain) and requires oxygen from the circulatory system.

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9
Q

Where is actin located and what does it do?

A

Located in the thin filament and contains binding site for myosin.

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10
Q

Where is myosin located and what does it do?

A

Primary protein located in the thick filament and binds to actin to cause a contraction.

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11
Q

Where is troponin located and what does it do?

A

Located in the thin filament where it binds calcium and makes tropomyosin.

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12
Q

Where is tropomyosin located and what does it do?

A

Located in the thin filament and blocks myosin binding site on actin.

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13
Q

Where is titin located and what does it do?

A

Runs from the z-disk to the m-line and stabilizes the structure of the sarcomeres.

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14
Q

Where is the neublin located and what does it do?

A

Runs the length of the thin filament and stabilizes that structure.

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15
Q

What are the connective tissues layers?

A

Muscle, muscle bundles, and muscle fibers.

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16
Q

What does muscle structure impact?

A

Tenderness

17
Q

What is epimysium?

A

Connective tissue (muscle) and is first.

18
Q

What is perimysium?

A

Connective tissue (muscle bundles) and is second.

19
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Connective tissue (muscle fibers) and is third.

20
Q

Sarcomeres can ________.

A

Dictate length

21
Q

What are the two things needed for muscle contraction?

A

Need energy (ATP) and calcium.

22
Q

What does ATP come from for muscle contraction?

A

Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain.

23
Q

Where is calcium stored for muscle contraction?

A

Stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum and the SR is located “outside” the myofibril/sarcomere.

24
Q

What’s the conversion of muscle to meat?

A

Function of the muscle does not stop at death, during and after slaughter the body is trying to maintain homeostasis, and time.

25
Q

__________ -> _________ -> _________ -> __________

A

Muscle, muscle bundles, muscle fibers, myofibrils

26
Q

What is the contraction process?

A
  • Calcium released by sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  • Calcium binds to troponin, where troponin moves tropomyosin out of the myosin binding site on actin.
  • Myosin binds to actin.
  • ATP used by myosin head to create the “power stroke,” ATP -> ADP +Pi, and myosin head moves.
  • SR pulls calcium out of the muscle cell.
  • Actin/myosin bond is broken by ATP.
  • Troponin and tropomyosin return to original confirmation.