Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

fundamentals of nursing > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

main function of heart

A

pump blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of lungs

A

oxygenate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

circulation

A

movement of blood thru heart thru blood vessels. heart pumps and pushes thru body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

perfusion

A

continuous supply of blood flow thru capillaries bed delivering nutrients nutrients and oxygen in body. it also picks up waste such as CO2 and brings it back to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

only oxygenated vein

A

pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

only deoxygenated artery

A

pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blood flow thru heart

A

vena cava- right atrium-tricuspid- right ventricle- pulmonary valve- pulmonary artery- lungs- pulmonary veins- left atrium- bicuspid valve- left ventricle- aorta valve- aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

base

A

top of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

apex

A

bottom of heart. strongest muscle. pushes blood out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

capillaries

A

let o2 out and take co2 in. let nutrients out and bring in waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A fib

A

atria not creating good beat. bad circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pericardium

A

2 layers with serous fluid. membrane encloses heart. shields against infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pericardial fluid

A

keeps heart from rubbing against pericardium. causes pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pericardium fluid

A

shock absorber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

too much pericardium fluid

A

Cardiac temponade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

electrolytes involved in heart beating effectively, if thrown off, imbalance occurs

A

magnesium, calcium, potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

myocardium

A

strong heart muscle. never rests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

epicardium

A

outer smooth membrane that lays on top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

widow maker

A

left descending artery. main artery for heart. if blocked, results in MI that typically goes undetected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

connects capillaries

A

veinus and arterial system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

risk factor for blockage

A

high cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

coronary circulation

A

oxygenates heart itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cardiopulmonary circulation

A

circulation that occurs between the heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

congestion on right side

A

edema. backup in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

backup on left side

A

goes into lungs causing abnormal sounds, congestion, SOB, inability to breathe, dyspnea, low pulse ox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

thrombus

A

clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

embolus

A

moving clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

SA node

A

where conduction starts
called pacemaker
avg HR 60-100 beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

AV node

A

if conduction doesn’t start in SA, It comes here
HR 40-60 beats/ min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what happens if AV node is diseased

A

man made structure put in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

auto meticity

A

spontaneous rthym where atrias beat then ventricles beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

conduction order

A

SA node- AV node- bundle branch- splits and goes to both ventricles- purkinge fibers (causes ventricular beat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

controls heart rate and contracting

A

autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

if we need faster heart rate, stronger, more oxygen, or more blood flow

A

ANS sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

slows heart rate back down with vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

baroreceptors

A

detect pressure changes in aortic arch, and carotid artery. could cause increase or decrease in HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

detect change in blood pH, such as o2 levels and co2 levels
can also increase/decrease HR
dilates or contracts vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what does stress cause to be released increasing HR, causing vasoconstriction, blood clots capillary issues

A

catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

factors influencing cardiovascular function

A

developmental stage, environment, lifestyle, medications, pathophysiological conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

baby aspirin can be prescribed for

A

preventing strokes and heart attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

heart failure

A

ineffective pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

heart is enlarged. cant work properly. irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

cardiac ischemia

A

not enough oxygen . can lead to necrosis, crushing pain (agina pectoris). wont lead to death but can cause other problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

coronary artery disease

A

buildup of plaque. can decrease blood flow. narrowing leads to high HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

CAD sound in carotid artery (neck)

A

bruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

dysrhythmias

A

any alteration in HR or rthym. could lead to MI or cause clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

heart valve stenosis

A

valve narrows. possible murmurs and extra sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

inadequate blood flow. some places can appear pale. hair loss can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

venous peripheral vascular disease

A

blood cant flow back
edema, skin is brownish, stashish ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

orthostatic hypertension

A

blood pressure drops from lying to standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

arrthymia

A

no heart beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

labs for cardio assessment

A

cholesterol, lipid panels, electrolytes, CRP- inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

diagnostic test that looks at valves

A

TEE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

5 lead EKG color order

A

right top- white
right bottom- green
left top- black
left bottom- red
middle- brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

P wave

A

SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

QRS complex

A

depolarization of ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

T wave

A

ventricle at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

U wave

A

only shown if injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Examples of cardio nursing diagnosis

A

decreased cardiac output, ineffective tissue perfusion, anxiety, fatigue, activity intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

cardio physiological needs

A

CVA, fatigue, fluid overload, tissue perfusion, cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

cardia safety needs

A

pain, risk for falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

cardiac interventions

A

Promote circulation/ Prevent clots
Elevate legs
Ambulate
Range of Motion exercises
TED hose
SCDs
Manage anxiety
Stay calm
Provide clear and precise instructions
medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

dialate blood vessels, increase cardiac output. decrease work load of heart

A

vasodialators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

block epinephrine and norepinephrine. can be used for dysrthymias

A

beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

block calcium. decrease bp and hr

A

calcium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

increase pumping action

A

intropics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

reduces sodium. more urination. some pull K+

A

diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

blocks liver enzyme responsible for making cholesterol

A

anticholesterol

70
Q

the phase of sleep where function is low

A

NREM

71
Q

When are beta waves seen during sleep

A

at periods of wake

72
Q

how many hours of sleep does a newborn need

A

15-18

73
Q

waves that represent client is in a deep sleep

A

delta

74
Q

what neurotransmitters inhibit sleep

A

serotonin, histamine, prostaglandins, acetylcholines

75
Q

what controls circadian rhythm

A

hypothalamus

76
Q

atelactis

A

complete or partial collapse of entire lobe/lung

77
Q

benefit of pursed lips

A

reduce overall work of breathing

78
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs that allow for gas exchange in lungs

79
Q

movement of air in/out the lungs

A

ventilation

80
Q

exchange of oxygen/co2

A

respiration

81
Q

hypoventilation

A

slow, shallow rate.
co2 is staying in the body

82
Q

hyperventilation

A

high, shallow rate
too much o2 leaving the body

83
Q

what can cause hypoventilation

A

medications (narcotics, paralytics), head injuries

84
Q

what can cause hyperventilation

A

pain, anxiety

85
Q

taachypnea

A

fast RR

86
Q

bradypnea

A

slow RR

87
Q

Orthopnea

A

cant breathe efficiently laying down. common in heart failure patients

88
Q

evpnea

A

normal breathing

89
Q

obstructive respiratory issues

A

can breathe in well, but not out. air trapping. lung elasticity problems

90
Q

restrictive respiratory issues

A

have a hard time breathing in. Lung compliance problems.
ex: trauma, obesity, asthma

91
Q

airway resistance

A

o2 has problems getting to lungs
ex- allergies, bronchitis

92
Q

chemoreceptors

A

monitors co2, o2, and blood pH. in brain and carotid system

93
Q

lung receptors

A

measure lung expansion

94
Q

pulmonary function loss in elderly

A

lose cough reflex
lose alveoli
expected RR above 20

95
Q

medications affecting pulmonary function

A

narcotics, paralytics, musculoskeletal relaxings

96
Q

lifestyle causes that can affect pulmonary

A

smoking, pregnancy, obesity, drug use

97
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas
determines amount of o2 in blood

98
Q

hypoxemia

A

too little oxygen in blood

99
Q

hypoxia

A

too little oxygen in tissue

100
Q

can hypoxemia lead to hypoxia

A

yes

101
Q

can hypoxia lead to hypoxemia

A

no, if you have hypoxia and not hypoxemia, it must be a circulatory issue or something like edema

102
Q

how can neuromuscular and the CNS affect pulmonary function

A

cns needs to tell the body what to do/how to respond
muscles help us breathe by movement

103
Q

pulmonary system abnormalities

A

lung disorders

104
Q

pulmonary circulation abnormalities

A

blood flow issues

105
Q

capnography

A

measuring co2 being released

106
Q

test that involves pinching nose, breathing in and out of tube. measures what breathes in and out. gives idea of chronic resp problem.

A

spirometry

107
Q

physical exam functions

A

breathing pattern
resp effort
pulse ox
cardiac functioning
inspection, palpation, percussion, ausculation

108
Q

people who cant cough, have trach : nursing diagnosis

A

ineffective airway clearence

109
Q

hypoventilation, hyperventilation: nursing diagnosis

A

ineffective has exchange

110
Q

people who aren’t getting enough air to alveoli. could be from pneumonia, smoking, etc..
nursing diagnosis

A

impaired gas exchange

111
Q

edema, gangrene, PAD: Nursing diagnosis

A

ineffective tissue perfusion

112
Q

patient that cant breathe on their own. could be due to stroke: nursing diagnosis

A

impaired spontaneous ventilation

113
Q

helps reinflate lungs

A

chest tubes

114
Q

chest physiotherapy

A

tapping on back to help break secretions in lungs

115
Q

mucoid

A

containing or resembling mucous

115
Q

mucoid

A

containing or resembling mucous

116
Q

perulent

A

containing pus

117
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing pus and mucous

118
Q

vicious

A

thick and sticky

119
Q

kills bacteria causing infections

A

antibiotic

120
Q

blocks effects of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergy attack

A

antihistamine

121
Q

relieves urge to cough

A

antitussive

122
Q

relaxes muscle spasms in bronchial tubes

A

bronchodialator

123
Q

reduces inflammation and swelling

A

corticosteriods

124
Q

reduces stuffiness and congestion

A

decongestant

125
Q

improves ability to cough up mucous

A

expectorant

126
Q

liquifies mucus so it’s easier to cough up

A

mucolytic

127
Q

tidal volume for lungs

A

how much you breathe in and out

128
Q

residual volume lungs

A

how much air is left in lungs

129
Q

vital capacity lungs

A

how much breathed in with the biggest breathe and how much is released with the biggest breathe out

130
Q

proprioceptors

A

where your body is in space. if your tipping forward or upside down

131
Q

stimulus

A

trigger that stimulates receptor

132
Q

perception

A

ability to interpret sensory impulses and give meaning to impulses

133
Q

where is the reticular activating system and what does it do

A

brain step. keeps us awake and alert

134
Q

what can RAS be affected by and what happens when it is

A

can be affected by environment or medications.
if effected: possible coma or lethargy

135
Q

noticing changes from seeing one thing to another

A

contrasting stimuli

136
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

detect pressure

137
Q

sensory deprivation

A

absence or reduced stimuli. input is reduced, people are not getting stimuli they are previously used too.
ex- isolation

138
Q

sensory overload

A

too much stimuli- too much info coming in
can be from too much visiting to too many noises
ex- autistic patients may relate

139
Q

sensory deficits

A

lack of being able to process info.
ex- blind, deaf, tactile problems

139
Q

sensory deficits

A

lack of being able to process info.
ex- blind, deaf, tactile problems

140
Q

impaired memory

A

Inability to recall information. Typically trauma related. You can be completely oriented but have impaired memory

141
Q

unilateral neglect

A

Inability to respond to stimuli. Usually from strokes. Individuals may not have any sense that a part of body is there. There brain may not recognize. A intervention is safety

142
Q

seizure

A

abrupt onset of disturbance of electrical activity in brain

143
Q

primary generalized seizure

A

Whole brain is impacted. Typically from med or hereditary

144
Q

partial seizure

A

One area of the brain is Impacted. From organic cause. Also called focal

145
Q

pain

A

unpleasant/emotional experience
- what the patient says it is

146
Q

cutaneous/superficial pain

A

on surface-skin

147
Q

deep somatic pain

A

muscle, bone, tendon.
usually easy to pinpoint

148
Q

visceral pain

A

generalized. usually related to an organ

149
Q

radiating/referred pain

A

Having pain is where a problem isn’t.
Ex- pain in left arm from heart attack , or gallbladder pain in shoulder

150
Q

phantom pain

A

Pain where something is no longer there. Cognitive problem

151
Q

psychogenic pain

A

Pain is all in your head. Could be psychological disorder, or there is pain and we cant figure out why

152
Q

nociceptive

A

pain receptors

153
Q

nueropathic

A

nerve pain. treated with neuropathic agents not narcotics

154
Q

intractable

A

High pain that is hard to control. Ex- sickle cell crisis. Patients may be on some serious pain meds

155
Q

pain longer than 6 months

A

chronic

156
Q

threshold

A

point at when your body says it hurts. usually the same your whole life

157
Q

tolerance

A

point we say enough is enough. can change from situation

158
Q

endocrine reaction to pain

A

Elevated blood sugar. General response- glucose levels goes down
Large release of ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
Inflammatory response- elevated HR or Temp

159
Q

cardio response to pain

A

HR increases, BP increases, more of risk for clot formation, increase in risk for O2 response

160
Q

respiratory response to pain

A

Breathing inefficiently, breathing to shallow

161
Q

musculoskeletal response to pain

A

immobility

162
Q

genitourinary response to pain

A

Decreased output
possible electrolyte imbalances, potential hypertension related to holding in urine

163
Q

gastrointestinal response to pain

A

constipation

164
Q

gastrointestinal response to pain

A

constipation

165
Q

contralateral stimulation

A

rubbing the opposite area

166
Q

nonopioid analgesics

A

NSAIDs, acetaminophen

167
Q

opiod analgesics

A

IV, transdermal, epidural

168
Q

adjuvant analgesics

A

drugs that aren’t for pain but can help release pain

fundamentals of nursing (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions