Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
A bone
A
Os
2
Q
A little bone
A
Ossicle
3
Q
To form bone
A
Ossify
4
Q
Formation of a bone
A
Ossification
5
Q
A deposit of calcium (looks like bone on x-ray)
A
Calcification
6
Q
A wing
A
Ala
7
Q
A rounded knoblike projection
A
Condyle
8
Q
A bony projection on or above a Condyle
A
Epicondyle
9
Q
A horn
A
Cornu
10
Q
A narrow ridge of bone
A
Crest
11
Q
A small hammer, a bony prominence
A
Malleolus
12
Q
Any definite or marked bony prominence
A
Process
13
Q
A sharp slender process
A
Spine/spinous process/styloid process
14
Q
A very large rounded process
A
Trochanter
15
Q
A small rounded process
A
Tubercle
16
Q
A large rounded process
A
Tuberosity
17
Q
A small pit or depression
A
Fovea
18
Q
A smooth articular surface
A
Facet
19
Q
What are the three functions of bones
A
Projection, support and framework, and levers
20
Q
Bones protect many organs and other structures from _____
A
Injury
21
Q
Bones give ____ and ____ to the body and afford attachments for muscles and ligaments
A
Support and shape
22
Q
Bones form levers which permit…
A
movement in restricted and definite directions
23
Q
The long bones in the body include
A
Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, clavicle, metacarpal, metatarsal, and phalanges
24
Q
The short bones in the body include
A
Carpal and tarsal bones
25
The flat bones in the body include
Scapula, ribs, sternum, bones of vault of the skull
26
The irregular bones of the body include
Vertebrae
27
The sesamoid bones of the body include
Patella
28
Long bone
29
Structure of a vertebral body
30
A membrane that covers all bones with the exception of the articular joint surfaces
Periosteum
31
What is the outer layer of a periosteum made out of
Dense fibrous tissue
32
What is the inner layer of the periosteum made of
Osteoblasts or bone forming cells
33
What is another name for a compact bone
Cortical bone
34
Where is the compact bone located
Under the periosteum
35
Compact bone is a dense closely knit bone resembling ____, made up of compact haversian systems
ivory
36
Compact bone forms a ______ layer in the body/shaft of long bones
Thick
37
Compact bone forms a ____ layer under articular cartilages
Thin
38
What is another name for the spongy bone
Cancellous bone
39
Spongy bone forms a ____ layer beneath compact bone to the body/shaft of long bones
Thin
40
Spongy bone forms all but the thin layer of compact bone at the _____ of long bones and in the bodies and processes of other bones
ends
41
A ventral cavity extending longitudinally in the shafts of long bones
Medullary
42
What is another name for the medullary cavity
Marrow cavity
43
What does the medullary cavity contain
Bone marrow
44
Membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones
Endosteum
45
The tissue occupying the medullary cavities of long bones and spaces in spongy bone
Bone marrow
46
Small openings in the periosteum and opens into a nutrient canal that passes obliquely through a bone to a medullary cavity or center of a solid bone
Nutrient foramen
47
What does the nutrient foramen do
Carries a nerve and artery into the bone and provides a passage for veins and lymphatics
48
Bones receive their blood supply by arteries entering through the nutrient canals/foramen
Blood supply
49
To turn into bone, formation of bone
Ossification
50
Bones of the vault of the skull are formed as membranes at an early age in the development of the human embryo.
Other bones in the body are performed as cartilage that is molded into the shape of the bone to be.
The membranes in colleges are gradually replaced by bone tissue as development proceeds
This process is called
Intracartliaginous and intramembranous ossification
51
In ________, the cartilage in the shops of long bones and in the bodies of some other bones is replaced by bone while the fetus is still within the uterus
Intracatilaginous ossification
52
Go study slides 25-31
53
Formed where two or more bones meet
Joints
54
Movement away from the median line of the body
Abduction
55
Movement towards or across the median line of the body
Adduction
56
Movement of bending
Flexion
57
Movement of straightening or stretching out
Extension
58
Movement of turning a part to face towards the median line
Inversion
59
Movement of turning a part away from the medium line
Eversion
60
Movement of turning a part in one axis
Rotation
61
Movement in a circular direction about a cone shape axis
Circumduction
62
The movement of turning the body or hand so that the front of the body faces upwards
Supination
63
Movement of turning the body to face downwards, to lie face down
Pronation
64
Sliding of one bone upon another at a joint
Gliding
65
Bending backwards
Dorsiflexion
66
Extension beyond normal limit
Hyperextension
67
Flexion beyond normal limit
Hyperflexion
68
Bending around
Circumflexion
69
Forcibly inverting beyond normal
Forced inversion
70
Turning inwards, in 1 axis
Internal rotation
71
Turning outwards, in 1 axis
External rotation
72
What are the three types of joints?
Synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous
73
Main type of joint is found in the body that is freely movable
Synovial joints
74
What do synovial joints consist of?
Fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and articular hyaline Cartlidge
75
Surrounds joint
Fibrous capsule
76
Lines the joint (except where there is a hyaline cartilage)
Synovial membrane
77
Secreted into the joint cavity by the synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
78
Pass from one bone across the joint to the other bone – strengthen the joint
Ligaments
79
Label this
A = fibrous capsule
B = synovial membrane
C = articular cartilage
D = synovial fluid
80
Synovial hinge joints
Uniaxial joint
Flexin, extension
81
Synovial Condylar Joints
Uniaxial joint
Flexion, extension, rotation
82
Synovial Ellipsoid Joints
Biaxial joint
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
83
Synovial Saddle Joints
Biaxial joint
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, some of axial rotation
84
Synovial Pivot Joints
Uniaxial joint
Rotation
85
Synovial Ball and Socket Joints
Multiaxial joint
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
86
Synovial Plane Joints
Gliding only
87
Slightly moveable (ex: pubic symphysis)
Cartilaginous joints
88
Also called immovable joints. Later in times in life it fuses together (ex: sutures in vault of skull)
Fibrous joints
