Test 2

Question 1

is a word that is special only in certain contexts

Answer 1

keyword

Question 2

is a special word that cannot be used as a user-defined name

Answer 2

reserved word

Question 3

If two variable names can be used to access the same memory location , they are called

Answer 3

aliases

Question 4

is a program statement used for declaring the types of variables.

Answer 4

explicit declaration

Question 5

is a default mechanism for specifying types of variables through default conventions, rather than declaration statements.

Answer 5

implicit declaration

Question 6

is an association between an entity and an attribute , such as between a variable and its type or value, or between an operation and a symbol

Answer 6

binding

Question 7

is the time at which a binding takes place.

Answer 7

Binding time

Question 8

The ________ of a variable is the time during which it is bound to a particular memory cell.

Answer 8

lifetime

Question 9

A binding is _______ if it first occurs before run time and remains unchanged throughout program execution.

Answer 9

static

Question 10

A binding is _________ if it first occurs during execution or can change during execution of the program .

Answer 10

dynamic

Question 11

of a variable is the range of statements over which it is visible.

Answer 11

scope

Question 12

of a program unit are those that are declared in that unit.

Answer 12

local variables

Question 13

of a program unit are those that are visible in the unit but not declared there.

Answer 13

nonlocal variables

Question 14

are a special category of nonlocal variables.

Answer 14

Global variables

Question 15

of a statement is the collection of all names that are visible in the statement.

Answer 15

referencing environment

Question 16

is a variable that is bound to a value only when it is bound to storage.

Answer 16

named constant

Question 17

What are some design issues for names:

Answer 17

Are names case sensitive ?

Are special words reserved words or keywords?

Question 18

Variable attributes consist of:

Answer 18

Type- determines the range of values of variables and the set of operations that are defined for values of that type; in the case of floating point, type also determines the precision

Value- the contents of the location with which the variable is associated

Question 19

is a section of software code or an algorithm in software programming. Can consist of one or more statements or declarations. It is possible for it to contain one more blocks nested within it

Answer 19

block

Question 20

means checking that each operation should receive proper number of arguments and of proper data type.

Answer 20

Type checking

Question 21

What are some design issues for subprograms

Answer 21

Are local variables static or dynamic? Can subprogram definitions appear in other subprogram definitions ?
What parameter passing methods are provided?
Are parameter types checked?
If subprograms can be passed as parameters and subprograms can be nested, what is the referencing environment of a passed subprogram ? Are functional side effects allowed ? What types of values can be returned from functions ?
How many values can be returned from functions ?
Can subprograms be overloaded ?

Question 22

What are some design issues ate specific to functions?

Answer 22

Are side effects allowed ?

What types of values can be returned? How many values can be returned?

Question 23

Keyword versus positional parameters

Answer 23

Positional arguments are arguments that can be called by their position in the function call. Keyword arguments are arguments that can be called by their name.

Question 24

is one that has the same name as another subprogram in the same referencing environment

Answer 24

overloaded subprogram

Question 25

takes parameters of different types on different activations

Answer 25

generic subprogram

Question 26

is a subprogram that has multiple entries and controls them itself

Answer 26

Co-routines

Question 27

A coroutine call is named a

Answer 27

Resume

Question 28

How do you implement simple subprograms ?

Answer 28

1. Save the execution status of the caller. 2. Carry out the parameter-passing process.
2. Pass the return address to the callee 4. Transfer control to the callee

Question 29

Chain offset vs nesting depth

Answer 29

the difference between the static depth of the subprogram containing the reference to X and the static depth of the subprogram contining the declaration for

Question 30

What type of abstraction is a subprogram?

Answer 30

Process abstraction.

Question 31

What are the three general characteristics of subprograms?

Answer 31

Has a single entry point, calling suspends, call goes back after.

Question 32

What is a subprogram call?

Answer 32

call to the subprogram to execute.

Question 33

What are formal parameters ? What are actual parameters?

Answer 33

formal are in header.

Actual are in the call.

Question 34

means that subprograms which cannot be nested subprograms and all local variables are static

Answer 34

Simple subprogram

Question 35

What must be stored for the linkage to a subprogram?

Answer 35

Execution status information be stored for the linkage to a subprogram.

Question 36

What is an EP and what is the purpose?

Answer 36

EP is required to control the execution of a subprogram. Controls execution by pointing the the top of the execution stack