Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health Psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What type of message framing is better for illness prevention behaviors?

A

Loss frame messages are better

  • When presented as a loss frame message, people will tend to act more risk-seeking and will choose tto engage with the illness prevention behavior such as getting a mammogram or gettting a COVID test.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of message framing is better for health promotion behaviors?

A

Gain frame messages are better

  • When presented as a grain frame message, people will tend to act more risk-avoidant. They might see the potential gains that may prevent an illness and will be more likely to engage with health promotion behavior such as exercise or getting a vaccine.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of health behaviors have the potential for losses as they might help find a disease?

A

Illness prevention behaviors (e.g., getting a COVID test, HIV test, mammogram)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of health behaviors have the potential for gains as they might prevent an illness?

A

Health promotion behaviors (e.g., exercise, getting a vaccine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

“Dentists recommend flossing as essential for promoting healthy teeth and great breath”

This message framing would work better for which type of people?

A

Approach-oriented people

  • People who actively seek out positive and good things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“To avoid the kiss of death and gum disease, floss! Dentists recommend flossing as essential for preventing bad breath and unhealthy gums”

This message framing would work better for which type of people

A

Avoidance-oriented people

  • People who actively try to avoid negative things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Approach-oriented people should prefer what kind of message framing?

A

Gain-framed messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Avoidance-oriented people should prefer what kind of message framing?

A

Loss-framed messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three ways that people respond to threatening health information?

A
  1. Change their health behavior
  2. Deny the health information
  3. Affirm the self-alternative domain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the Belluz J. (2016), what are the health communications, what are the habits recommended by the government?

A
  • Eating well
  • Exercising
  • Avoiding smoking
  • Checking for body fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some of the stark findings of the Belluz J. (2016) article on health communications and healthy habits?

A
  • 2.7% of Americans engaged in the four healthy behaviors.
  • Only 38% of Americans had a healthy diet
  • Fewer than half (47%) were sufficiently active – exercising.
  • 10% had a normal body fat level
  • Fewer than 3% managed all four healthy behaviors
  • 11% of Americans engaged in none of the behaviors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What positive finding was found about healthy habits in the Belluz J. (2016) article?

A

70% of adults in the study reported themselves as non-smokers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three rules of Coronavirus communication based on the NY Times video?

A
  1. Build trust
  2. Know your audience
  3. Think long-term
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effective intervention strategies were used in the Stanford 5-city study?

Remember that this relates to the Health Behavior Change Lecture 1

A

The study used these strategies:

  1. Targeted multiple and appropiate levels
  2. Was intense in size and scope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of peer pressure?

A
  1. Active Peer Pressure
    - Make an actual demand
    - E.g: “Have a drink or you’re a loser”
    - Not so common
  2. Passive Peer Pressure
    - Internalized norm
    - E.g: You notice that cool kids drink
    - Very common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why might the D.A.R.E invervention not work?

A

-It’s not based on theory and it has a faulty understanding of how peer pressure works because it focuses on active per pressure which is not that common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prevention that keeps someone from starting something unhealhty/getting and illness is…?

A

Primary prevention

  • People haven’t started the behavior and you want to intervent early
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prevention that intervenes early to stop a behavior before it gets worse/ reduces the damage that an ilness causes is…?

A

Secondary prevention

  • People have already started the behavior and you want to stop it before it gets worse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An example of primary prevention?

A

Abstinence pledges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An example of secondary prevention?

A

Cigarette labeling

21
Q

Do abstinence pledges work?

A

Abstinence pledgers were less likely to use birth control.

5 years later, there were no differences on premarital sex, tdS, frequency of life partners, anal sex.

22
Q

What is one example of intervention that works to prevent teen pregnancy?
What is one example of an intervention to prevent teen pregnancy that does not work?

A

Birth control works.

  • Free ong-temr birth control
  • Teen birth rate and abortion rate by 40%

Baby simulator programs don’t work

23
Q

What are some premises on the 7th strategy that says t that effective interventions that are ethical?

A
  • Control group should have access to invervention (largged baseline design)
  • Consider self-sustaining intervention strategies – to go on and on.
  • Consider whether you’re doing more harm than good
24
Q

The 8th strategy for effective intervention are interventions that are appropiate for individual’s levels of readiness to change.

A

Use a stage model (they don’t assume everyone is equally ready for change)

Don’t use a stage model (tailor an invertvention/model to a specific readiness for change)

25
Q

What’s the Naive Model of Behavior Change?

A
  1. Provide infromation about the unhealthy behavior.
  2. The informration leads people to change their attitudes towards the unhealthy behavior.
  3. If people change their attitudes, they will change their behavior.
26
Q

What are the premises of the Health Belief Model?

Performing a health behavior depends on…

A
  1. Belief that there is a health threat
    a. Your general health views
    b. Beliefs about vulnerability to threat
    c. Beliefs about severity of threat
  2. Belief that a behavior can reduce threat
    d. Belief that the behavior will work
    e. Belief that the benefits of the behavior outweigh the risks.
27
Q

What are some of the strenghts of the Health Belief Model?

A

Strenghts of the Health Belief Model:

  • Includes useful constructs
  • Focuses on people’s beliefs (it is a subjective model)
28
Q

What are some of the weaknesses of the Health Belief Model?

A

Weaknesses of the Health Belief Model:

  • Assumes behavior is rational
  • Assumes people have the skill to alter behavior
  • Ignores social context of many health behaviors
29
Q

According to the model Theory of Planned Behavior, what are the 3 predictors of intentions?

A
  • Attitudes
  • Norms
  • Perceived Behavioural Control
30
Q

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior model, Attitudes are a function of what?

A

Attitudes are a function of:

a. Beliefs about the otucome of an action (will dieting lead to weight loss?)
b. Evaluation of the outcome (is losing weight good?)

31
Q

According to the Theory of Planned Behavior model, Norms are a function of what?

A

Norms are a function of :

c. Perceptions of other’s support for that action (do others think I should do the behavior?)
d. Motivation to comply with thte wish of other’s (do I want to do what others want me to do?)

32
Q

In the Theory of Planned Behavior model, what is Perceived Behavioral Control?

A

It’s one of the predictors for intentions to perform a behavior.

It’s an individualps belief in her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce a certain outcome.

  • Refelcts the confidence in the ability to exert control over one’s own motivation, behavior, and social environment.
33
Q

What are some strenghts of the Theory of Planned Behavior model?

A

o Incorportates social aspect of health behaviors
o Doesn’t assume people want to be healthy
o Includes person’s beliefs about their ability to change

34
Q

What are some weaknesses of the Theory of Planned Behavior model?

A

o Only predicts intentions, not behaviours

o People don’t always do what they intend to do

35
Q

In the Theory of Planned Behavior model, what are the 2 types of norms?

A

Descriptive Norm: What other people are doing
Example: “85% of people brush their teeth twice a day”
“Littering changes the state of the forest”
Injunctive Norm: What people think you should be doing
Example: “You should brush your teeth twice a day”
“Please don’t litter”

36
Q

What is most important about the Diffusion of Innovations model of health behavior?

A

The importance of reference groups or opinion leaders

  • Opinino leaders influence other people’s decisions
  • They can change norms by doing something new
  • They exert influence informally, through interactions
  • Good role models
  • People look for them for info and advice
37
Q

The Stages of Change Model was a response to the criticisms of the other models? What were these criticisms?

A
  • All people are not equally close to making a change
  • Some are bout to change
  • Others have never though about it before
  • Different strategies will work for people in these different stages
38
Q

What are the 5 stages of change in the Stages of Change model?

A
  1. Pre-contemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
39
Q

What are of the strenghts of the Stages of Change Model?

A

Strenghts:

  • Practical: Doesn’t force techniques into one theory
  • Realistic: Recognizes that people can be at different stages
40
Q

What are some of the weaknesses of the Stage of Change model?

A

Weaknesses:

  • Doesn’t really give any new techniques
  • People may be in stage for different reasons
  • Doesn’t explain how people can move from one stage to the next
41
Q

In the Self-Regulation Model, what are the 4 self-regulation strategies?

A
  1. Prospective strategies
  2. Automated strategies
  3. Re-construal strategies
  4. Effortful inhibition of temptations
42
Q

What is the focus of the Self-Regulation Model of health behavior?

A

 They focus on the processes on behaviour change. The processes people go through in setting goals and striving to achieve those goals.

43
Q

The processes that people use to set, puruse, and attain goals is the definition of…?

This relates to what model of behavior change?

A

Self-regulation.

Related to the Self-Regulation Model

44
Q

Self-regulation is broken down into two parts. Which are…?

A 
GOAL SETTING: 
- Deciding which goals to pursue 
- Creating standards for success
GOAL STRIVING: 
- Planning and executing actions 
- Protecting actions from disruptions/distractions
45
Q

What is involved in the prospective strategy (planning) of the Self-Regulation model?

A

Strategies that you do ahead of time .

Think of the challenges/obstacles that might come up and create a course of action that will remove those situations.

46
Q

What’s involved in the automatic strategy of the Self-Regulation model?

A

Making the behavior operate without conscious effort.

  • Make it into a habit
  • Make an implementation intention (if-then plans for doing a particular behavior in a particular context)
47
Q

Explain the re-construal strategy of the Self-Regulation model.

A

Change how you think about the behavior

There are COOL CONSTRUALS

  • Abstract, distanced, high-level, rational
  • More effective for self-control

And HOT CONSTRUALS

  • Concrete, immediate, low-level, emotional
  • Less-effective for self-control
48
Q

Explain the fourth strategy of the Self-Regulation Model.

  1. Effortful Inhibition of Temptations: Willpower
A

Use willpower to resist something you want.

  • They are used when the other three strategies of self-regulation were not used or didn’t work.
  • This strategy fails often: too many things to resist
49
Q

Implementation intentions are part of what strategy of the Self-Regulation model?

What are they?

A

Automatic strategies

They are if-then plans fro doing a particular behavior in a particular context

Health Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions