TEST 2

Question 1

7 Defense mechanisms

Answer 1

projection, denial, sublimation, reaction formation, displacement, repression, rationalization

Question 2

George Valiant’s classification of defense mechanisms

Answer 2

1. Psychotic: denial, delusions
2. Immature: projection, hypochondriac
3. Neurotic: isolation, denial
4. Mature: sublimation, humo

Question 3

0-1 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON

Answer 3

FREUD: oral (pleasure in mouth)
Erikson: learning trust, if they can trust caregiver

Question 4

2-3 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON

Answer 4

Freud: anal, learning control and about reality-frustrating world of toilet training and power, master
Erikson: (Autonomy vs shame and doubt)learning if they are able to do something themselves, development of will and self control

Question 5

4-5 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON

Answer 5

Freud: phallic- learning differences in gender, oedipal/electra
Erikson: initiative vs guilt (am I goo or bad person) integrating moral and values, gender roles

Question 6

6-13 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON

Answer 6

freud: latency
Erikson: industry vs inferiority (successful?) dealing with tasks, intellectual and social competencies

Question 7

13+ developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON

Answer 7

freud: genital- sexual urges
Erikson: role identify vs role confusion (who am I)

Question 8

19-25+ developmental stages ERIKSON

Answer 8

intimacy vs. isolation (can I love, what kind of relationships will I have)

Question 9

25-65 developmental stages ERIKSON

Answer 9

generatively vs stagnation (will I make a difference, what should I do with the next generation)

Question 10

65+ developmental stages ERIKSON

Answer 10

integrity vs despair, have I lived a meaningful life, worthwhile, regret

Question 11

identity Status (Marcia)

Answer 11

marcia: identity status depends on exploration and commitment
1. Identity foreclosure: no searching, commitment
2. identity achievement: commitment, searching
3. identity diffusion: no commitment, no searching (no sense of identity)
4. Identity moratorium: no commitment, searching (identity crisis)

Question 12

affiliation need

Answer 12

behavior indicative of warm and caring interaction with others

Question 13

power need

Answer 13

behavior involving influence, force and risk

Question 14

fixation

Answer 14

unresolved issues from one of the stages

Question 15

regression

Answer 15

conflicts that are unresolved from stages, will come up later in life, repeating the past

Question 16

post Freudian

Answer 16

expanding the role of the ego, broadening the concept of drives, moving from one person to two person psychology, revising developmental scheme

Question 17

Carl Jung archetypes

Answer 17

originated from collective unconscious, struggle with opposing forces (masc vs fem), fundamental personal task to integrate opposing forces

Question 18

Structure of self (3 sensory and cognitive processes)

Answer 18

1. double stimulation
2. body boundary
3. mirror image recognition

Question 19

public vs private self awareness

Answer 19

private - covert aspects (thoughts, feelings, fantasies)

• clarification process, intensification process
  public: overt aspects, appearance, self conscious

Question 20

clarification process

Answer 20

increasing self knowledge, keeping a journal to increase self awareness

Question 21

intensification process

Answer 21

stronger experience of emotion, rumination

Question 22

self objectification theory

Answer 22

extreme form of public self awareness, view own body from objectifying observers’ perspective

Question 23

narcissistic personality predicting factors

Answer 23

individualistic culture values, rich, live in urban environment, only child

Question 24

relationship between narcissism and self enhancement bias

Answer 24

• narcissist are self enhancers
• self enhancement does not mean self deception
• narcissists more likely to overestimate performance
• self evaluation of narcists foes up farther after watching video of themselves (more distortions)

Question 25

are self perception biases good for adjustment

Answer 25

mixed blessing- leads to miscalibration, social exclusion but good first impressions, fares well uncompetitive situations, buffers against extreme adversity

Question 26

Where does self esteem come from

Answer 26

unconditional positive regard

conditions of worth

Question 27

triangle of self discrepancy

Answer 27

ideal: what you aspire to be
actual: self concept
ought: what you think you should be
self guides: ideal and ought selves serve as a guide for behavior
self regulation: people try to reduce mismatch between self guides and self concepts

Question 28

Emotional consequences of self discrepancies

Answer 28

agitation: threatened, fearful, restless (discrepancy between ought and actual)
dejection: disappointed, dissatisfied, sad (discrepancy between ideal and actual)

Question 29

self compassion characteristics

Answer 29

self acceptance

self kindness

Question 30

cultural differences in self motives

Answer 30

Americans are self enhancement motives- when good they want to stay good
Japanese are self improvement motive- when bad they want to improve

Question 31

What does a healthy person’s self concept consist of?

Answer 31

• openness to experience and complexity (broaden horizon, not preoccupied with self)
• congruence between self and experience (no denial or disavowing the self, acceptance and appreciation of self and others)

Question 32

emphasized in client centered therapy

Answer 32

unconditional positive regard, congruence/ genuineness, empathic understanding