TEST 2 Flashcards
7 Defense mechanisms
projection, denial, sublimation, reaction formation, displacement, repression, rationalization
George Valiant’s classification of defense mechanisms
- Psychotic: denial, delusions
- Immature: projection, hypochondriac
- Neurotic: isolation, denial
- Mature: sublimation, humo
0-1 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON
FREUD: oral (pleasure in mouth)
Erikson: learning trust, if they can trust caregiver
2-3 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON
Freud: anal, learning control and about reality-frustrating world of toilet training and power, master
Erikson: (Autonomy vs shame and doubt)learning if they are able to do something themselves, development of will and self control
4-5 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON
Freud: phallic- learning differences in gender, oedipal/electra
Erikson: initiative vs guilt (am I goo or bad person) integrating moral and values, gender roles
6-13 developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON
freud: latency
Erikson: industry vs inferiority (successful?) dealing with tasks, intellectual and social competencies
13+ developmental stages FREUD AND ERIKSON
freud: genital- sexual urges
Erikson: role identify vs role confusion (who am I)
19-25+ developmental stages ERIKSON
intimacy vs. isolation (can I love, what kind of relationships will I have)
25-65 developmental stages ERIKSON
generatively vs stagnation (will I make a difference, what should I do with the next generation)
65+ developmental stages ERIKSON
integrity vs despair, have I lived a meaningful life, worthwhile, regret
identity Status (Marcia)
marcia: identity status depends on exploration and commitment
1. Identity foreclosure: no searching, commitment
2. identity achievement: commitment, searching
3. identity diffusion: no commitment, no searching (no sense of identity)
4. Identity moratorium: no commitment, searching (identity crisis)
affiliation need
behavior indicative of warm and caring interaction with others
power need
behavior involving influence, force and risk
fixation
unresolved issues from one of the stages
regression
conflicts that are unresolved from stages, will come up later in life, repeating the past
post Freudian
expanding the role of the ego, broadening the concept of drives, moving from one person to two person psychology, revising developmental scheme
Carl Jung archetypes
originated from collective unconscious, struggle with opposing forces (masc vs fem), fundamental personal task to integrate opposing forces
Structure of self (3 sensory and cognitive processes)
- double stimulation
- body boundary
- mirror image recognition
public vs private self awareness
private - covert aspects (thoughts, feelings, fantasies)
- clarification process, intensification process
public: overt aspects, appearance, self conscious
clarification process
increasing self knowledge, keeping a journal to increase self awareness
intensification process
stronger experience of emotion, rumination
self objectification theory
extreme form of public self awareness, view own body from objectifying observers’ perspective
narcissistic personality predicting factors
individualistic culture values, rich, live in urban environment, only child
relationship between narcissism and self enhancement bias
- narcissist are self enhancers
- self enhancement does not mean self deception
- narcissists more likely to overestimate performance
- self evaluation of narcists foes up farther after watching video of themselves (more distortions)
are self perception biases good for adjustment
mixed blessing- leads to miscalibration, social exclusion but good first impressions, fares well uncompetitive situations, buffers against extreme adversity
Where does self esteem come from
unconditional positive regard
conditions of worth
triangle of self discrepancy
ideal: what you aspire to be
actual: self concept
ought: what you think you should be
self guides: ideal and ought selves serve as a guide for behavior
self regulation: people try to reduce mismatch between self guides and self concepts
Emotional consequences of self discrepancies
agitation: threatened, fearful, restless (discrepancy between ought and actual)
dejection: disappointed, dissatisfied, sad (discrepancy between ideal and actual)
self compassion characteristics
self acceptance
self kindness
cultural differences in self motives
Americans are self enhancement motives- when good they want to stay good
Japanese are self improvement motive- when bad they want to improve
What does a healthy person’s self concept consist of?
- openness to experience and complexity (broaden horizon, not preoccupied with self)
- congruence between self and experience (no denial or disavowing the self, acceptance and appreciation of self and others)
emphasized in client centered therapy
unconditional positive regard, congruence/ genuineness, empathic understanding
