Test Flashcards
arch
a fingerprint patter in which the ridge pattern originates from one side of the print and leaves from the other side
core
a center of a loop or whorl
delta
a triangular ridge pattern with ridges that go in different directions above and below a triangle
fingerprint
an impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by the ridges on a finger
latent fingerprint
a hidden fingerprint made visible through the use of powders and other techniques
loop
a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern flows inward and returns in the direction of the origin
minutiae
the combination of details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints that make each unique; also called ridge characteristics
patent fingerprint
a visible fingerprint that happens when fingers with blood, ink, or some other substance on them touch a surface and transfer the pattern of their fingerprint to that surface
ridge pattern
the recognizable pattern of the ridges found in the end joints of fingers that form lines on the surfaces of objects in a fingerprint. they fall into 3 categories: arches, loops, and whorls
plastic fingerprints
a 3-D fingerprint made in soft material such as clay, soap, or putty
ten card
a form used to record and preserve a person’s fingerprints
whorl
a fingerprint pattern that resembles a bull’s eye
Dr. Nehemiah
Wrote a paper describing the patterns on human hands under a microscope, including ridges, in 1684
Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer 1788
“the arrangement of skin ridges is never duplicated in two persons”
Jan Evangelist Purkyn 1823
Described 9 distinct fingerprint patterns (loops, spirals, circles, & double whorls)
Sir William Herschel 1856
Began collecting fingerprints, noted patterns were unique and NOT altered by age
Alphonse Bertillon 1879
Created a way to identify criminals called Bertillonage, first used in 1883
1902
Alphonse Bertillon credited with solving the first murder
Sir Frances Galton
verified fingerprints don’t change with age
Sir E. R. Henry & Galton
Developed the classification system for fingerprints in 1888 that is used in U.S. and Europe
Ivan Vucetich
Improved the fingerprint collected in 1891; noted measurements on the identification cards and added all 10 impressions
Sir E. R. Henry 1896
Created a system that divided fingerprint records into groups based on arch, whorl, or loop; each fingerprint was imprinted with all 10 prints of a person & marked with individual characteristics called 10 card
