Test

Question 1

What is the unit of measurement for light intensity?

Answer 1

Lux or Foot candles

Question 2

How does a telephoto lens affect depth of field?

Answer 2

Decreases depth of field

Question 3

What F-stop gives the greatest depth of field?

Answer 3

Higher number

Question 4

Which lens has the least depth of field?

Answer 4

A telephoto lens with a wide aperture

Question 5

What does ISO indicate

Answer 5

ISO measures the sensor’s sensitivity to light

(International Organization for Standardization)

Question 6

What is a progressive scan of a digital scanner (PSF)

Answer 6

Scanning all lines of the frame sequentially and displayed in one frame, as opposed to interlace, where every other line is displayed at once, prevents combing

Question 7

What is light

Answer 7

Light behaves as both a wave (travels, refracts) and a particle (photons interact with sensors).

Question 8

Explain exposure latitude

Answer 8

The range of exposure where a film or sensor can capture detail without clipping highlights or crushing shadows

Question 9

Explain and define quantum efficiency

Answer 9

The ratio of electrons generated to photons absorbed in a pixel; efficiency of a sensor at converting light to an image

Question 10

What are microlenses on image sensors and what problems do they solve?

Answer 10

Microlenses focus light onto pixels, increasing efficiency and reducing light loss

Question 11

Draw a diagram of a Bayer sensor pattern and explain.

Answer 11

Blue, red, two green filters make up each pixel to reduce aliasing. Double green for luminance human sensitivity. The information is combined to produce full color pixels (demosaiced), less complex than all colors in one photosite

Question 12

Explain the compression scheme for subsampling for all cameras.

Answer 12

4:4:4 (no chroma subsampling), 4:2:2 (half horizontal chroma), 4:2:0 (quarter chroma sampling, used in consumer devices).

Question 13

What is a pixel?

Answer 13

The smallest unit of a digital image, representing light intensity and color.

Question 14

What does CODEC stand for?

Answer 14

Compressor-Decompressor or Coder and Decoder

Question 15

What are IR cut filters?

Answer 15

Filters that block infrared light, preventing unwanted color shifts.

Question 16

What is Long-GOP compression

Answer 16

Uses reference frames (I-frames, P-frames, B-frames) to reduce file size but requires more processing.

Question 17

I-frame (Intra coded)

Answer 17

Complete JPG image

Question 18

P-Frame

Answer 18

Predicted frame changing only moving parts of image

Question 19

What is Intraframe compression?

Answer 19

Each frame is compressed individually (e.g., ProRes, DNxHD), making editing easier.

Question 20

What is the cause of a rolling shutter?

Answer 20

Sequential scanning of the sensor, causing distortions in fast-moving objects.

Question 21

Real advantages of higher bit depth?

Answer 21

More color accuracy, smoother gradients, and better post-processing flexibility.

Question 22

Do humans have more accuracy and sensitivity with color or exposure?

Answer 22

Exposure (we are less sensitive to color precision than brightness changes).

Question 23

How is color created through absorption?

Answer 23

Objects absorb some wavelengths and reflect others, which determines their color.

Question 24

If you add all subtractive primaries, what is the color?

Answer 24

Black

Question 25

If you add all additive primaries, what is the color?

Answer 25

White

Question 26

Wavelength range in nm humans can see?

Answer 26

380mm-760mn

Question 27

What is hue?

Answer 27

The specific wavelength of color.

Question 28

What is saturation?

Answer 28

The intensity of a color (high saturation = vivid color, low saturation = muted color).

Question 29

In human vision, what do the cones see?

Answer 29

Color (Red, Green, Blue cones).

Question 30

What are the three basic properties of any lens?

Answer 30

Collects, refracts, focuses light

Question 31

What are the benefits of lens coating besides reducing glare?

Answer 31

Reduces reflection, Increases light transmission, maintains sharpness

Question 32

What is optical breathing?

Answer 32

A change in the image’s framing when adjusting focus, often seen in zoom and telephoto lenses.

Question 33

Spherical aberration, one solution to fix it?

Answer 33

Light doesn’t focus to the same point because of the angle of incidence with a round shape of the lens. Use a field stop to block, aspheric glass, or low dispersion glass

Question 34

Results of lens diffraction (what do we see)?

Answer 34

Loss of sharpness, soft image.

Question 35

Explain the Scheimpflug principle?

Answer 35

Explains the focus range when the lens plane and image plane are not parallel, results in a subject focus plane that is diagonal

Question 36

Besides reducing glare, what are two other effects of using a POLARIZER?

Answer 36

Increases color saturation, darkens skies, acts as an ND filter.

Question 37

List three ways you can reduce depth of field?

Answer 37

Open aperture, increase focal length, move closer to subject. + larger sensor

Question 38

Explain how you follow focus with marks?

Answer 38

Pre-mark focus points and pull focus accordingly.

Question 39

What is the pluge, and how do you use it to calibrate a monitor?

Answer 39

3 grayscale bars used to adjust monitor contrast and black levels.

Question 40

What is the purpose of setting the blue gun?

Answer 40

Turns off red and green ray guns, allows you to properly adjust saturation and hue

Question 41

What aspect of a lens does the MTF lens chart test?

Answer 41

Sharpness and resolution of a lens.

Question 42

Do you need to twist a PL lens?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

Which leg on the C-stand do you put the sandbag on?

Answer 43

The tallest leg (or the opposite of the load side for stability).

Question 44

Draw the correct additive primary color opposite the correct subtractive primary color.

Answer 44

Red ↔ Cyan, Green ↔ Magenta, Blue ↔ Yellow.

Question 45

F stop = ?

Answer 45

Focal length/ aperture diameter

Question 46

What aspect of a lens does the MTF lens chart test ?

Answer 46

Objective sharpness, resolving power, lines of resolution