test Flashcards
Plants in the same Genus
have similar flowers and fruits
which plant classification is totally dependent on human intervention?
Cultivar
Ferns are in the class Filicinae (italics). What is unique about that Class of plants?
They don’t reproduce by seeds but reproduce by spores instead.
Beans are in the Subclass Dicotyledonae. How are they different from plants in Monocotyledonae (corn)?
Dicots have broad leaves with reticulate venation, where monocots have linear leaves with parallel venation
“The inability to notice plants in one’s own enviornment.” definition of a serious pandemic called
Plant Blindness
Variety name (correctly written using binomial system) for the group of redbuds that all produce white flowers?
Cercis canadensis alba (all underlined)
A “selective herbecide” like Weed-B-Gone kills
only certain plants, such as dicots, but not monocots
What do conifers do?
produce cones
The study of cultivation of plants to enhance the outdoor living space:
Landscape horticulture
Poison ivy is in the family Anacareace. What other plant is in the same family, and therefore could pose a possible health risk to some people?
Cashews
Most of the fruit and vegetable plants we Americans grow in our homes gardens are
Exotic, non-native plants that come from all over the world
(Cercis canadensis ‘Merlot’) ‘Merlot’ is what part of the binomial system name?`
cultivar epithet
(Cercis canadensis ‘Merlot’) Cercis canadensis ‘Merlot’ is what part of the binomial system name?
cultivar
(Cercis canadensis ‘Merlot’) cercis candensis is what part of the binomial system name?
Species
Plants in the same family
have similar susceptibilities and tolerances
Strawberry is a
plant in the rose family
To be in the Genus Acer, plants must have the ability to produce
double winged samaras
The genus name for Holly is
Ilex
In the sneaker illustration we had in class, Nike represented what plant classification unit?
Genus
In the sneaker illustration we had in class, New Balance 574 represented what plant classification unit?
Species
An important concept learned from the sneaker illustration was that
there can be variation within a species
why is it better to use the binomial system?
the binomial system is descriptive and shows when plants are related to each other
what word/phrase is used to characterize the way both species and botanical varieties behave?
come true from seed
what can you tell me about the following term as it is written here: horizontalis (bold and underlined)
it is a Latin word, but not enough info to determine what binomial term it is
who gives plants their common names?
you, me, and any other people who want to
why does the binomial system use Latin as its language?
new latin words can be created easily
There are 438 plant genera that contain only species. What do you call a genus that is made up of only one species?
Monotypic
What type of crop is a tomato?
it depends on how many acres of tomatoes you are growing
the study of extending the keeping quality of horticultural crops is called
postharvest physiology
the study of the cultivation of flowers and potted plants is termed
floriculture
Gymnospermae is a class of plants that are characterized by having
naked seeds contained in strobili or cones
Tracheophyta is a
division of plants that have “tubes” (vascular system)
As a gardner, why would it be important to know the difference between Monocots and Dicots?
There are selective herbicides that kill only Dicots but are harmless to Monocots, and therefore allow us to control broadleaf weeds in our turfgrass
Plants that have parallel venation and narrow leaves are members of which subclass?
Monocotyledonae
Cultivars of Cercis canadensis are propagated by humans using a vegetative propogation technique called:
Grafting
what cultivars are discovered, and then developed?
those from seedling selections, those from genetic mutations (b and c)
How long does it take plant breeders, like our own Dr. Denny Werner, to create a new cultivar of redbud like Cercis canadensis ‘Ruby Falls’?
10-12 years
Condition in trees where the flowers emerge from the large stems and trunks
cauliflory
The generic name Cercis is derived from Greek meaning “Weavers Shuttle”. What part of the plant looks like the Weavers Shuttle?
Fruit
Gardening activities benefit human health and well-being in many ways. Which of the following statements is true about gardening, whether you do it, or just walk through a garden.
ALL OF THE ABOVE: reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, etc
Is the following scientific name written correcctly? Thuja occidentalis (underlined) ‘Green Giant’
yes
Attention Restoration Theory states that there are two types of attention, “Directed” and _, which can be used to relieve stress and is promoted by time spent in gardens and natural settings.
Fascination
What kind of plant name is a “Bishops cap”
Common name
Who was Carl Von Linne (Carl Linnaeus)
Inventor of the binomial system
The plant boxelder has a scientific name of Acer negundo. What can you tell me about this plant that is 100% true?
It produces double wing samaras
What basic classification of plants like to hang out, mate with each other, and all their children look just like them?
species
where did cranberry plant get its name?
flower looks like the head of the New England native “Sandhill Crane” first called craneberry but people got lazy
horticulture is derived from two latin words, hortus and culturae. Culturae means:
to take care of
how is horticulture different from botany
horticulture is an applied science, botany is more of a basic science
what can you tell me about the following binomial term as it is written here: ‘Bubba’
it is a cultivar epithet
If someone asked you why they should embrace the binomial system over common names, what tell them?
using it helps avoid the confusion of common names
Cercis canadensis Flamethrower(R) is what kind of plant name?
registered trademark
identify what this entire scientific name is describing: Acer palmatum dissectum ‘Atropurpureum’
varietal cultivar
The study of the cultivation of vegetables is called
olericulture
Plant taxonomy and nomenclature refer to what respectively?
plant categories and names
Are all variant plants within a species botanical varieties?
No
The majority of plants people use in their home gardens are
cultivars
How are cultivars different from botanical varities?
To make more, cultivars must be cultivated by human, they are not self-perpetuating
Cercis canadensis ‘Ruby Falls’ is desirable because, unlike the straight species it
is a burgundy leaf weeper
Cercis canadensis ‘Heart of Gold’ was
discovered as a chance seedling in Greensboro NC
What is the most correct term to describe flowers that are missing stamens?
Pistillate
If you had a 1000 very small physically dormant temperate woody plant seeds and wanted to scarify them successfully, quickly and safely, what method would you choose to use?
hot water method
How do we know for sure when temperate woody seeds are ripe?
the fruits falls off the plants
Dioecious plants have
staminate flowers on one plant and pistillate flowers on a different plant in the species
Why is it so important to know if a plant is dioecious or not?
it may have desirable or undesirable fruit (A and B)
Monoecious plants have
staminate flowers and pistillate flowers on the same plants
It is important to know that plants in the genus Ilex (holly) are dioecious. Why?
because the females produce desirable fruits
Do the male plants of the dioecious Ginkgo biloba produce flowers? (think about this one)
Yes
Where does pollination occur in plants (be specific)
Stigma
Markings on a flower that indicate to pollinators that there is nectar in the flower:
Nectar guides
Flower color hummingbirds are most attracted to:
red
What do you call a whole plant in miniature, surrounded by a protective covering?
seed
A very important requirement needed to stimulate rooting in cuttings:
provide a high relative humidity to reduce water loss
What do rose breeders sacrifice in order to maximize flower color, fragrance, size?
Root vigor
when referring to the petals of a flower collectively, one uses the term
corolla
the male part of the flower is termed
stamen
all incomplete flowers are imperfect
disagree
Cuttings that are taken in late December and stuck in media outdoors are called
hardwood cuttings
Grafting is a unique form of plant propegation. why would you want to graft a plant, after all, it requires much skill and patience?
plant breeding often leads to plants that can’t grow their own roots, this method allows them to thrive
best method for vegetatively propagating many herbaceous perennials with large expanding crowns:
division
The process where one stimulates an azaela branch to root before it is cut from the main plant is an example of
layering
Rootone is a material that can be applied to cuttings to help stimulate adventitious rooting. Rootone is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring plant hormon called.
auxin
why are seed longevities longer for temperate woody plants than for annual herbaceous plants?
Takes longer for a woody plant to mature to seed bearing age than an annual, therefore the longevities of their seeds need to be longer to insure perpetuation of the species
typically, how long does it take most air layers to form roots
three months
when grafting two plants together the key to a successful connection is
all of the above
A flower has sepals, petals and only a stamen is most correctly identified as
staminate
ideal gardening soil:
45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 25% air space, 25% water space
Plants absorbing roots don’t grow in
B Horizon
term used to describe the event where water percolates vertically through the soil taking salts and nutrients with it
Leaching
what is the best time to plant temperate woody trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials from the plants perspective
Fall
what does a soil probe do
takes a soil profile
soil is defined as
stuff plus space
what is the key to attracting more butterflies to your garden
add plants that feed caterpillar stage of the butterfly lifecycle (like whoteoak)
the bird population in North America is down 29% since 1970. why should we be concerned about this?
all of the above
why is it recommended that gardeners should choose plants that attract and support native insect populations?
because birds feed their young predmoniately native soft-bodied insects
what is the recommended for the % native plants to non-native plants to support a robust caterpillar population?
70% natives to 30% non-natives
why is it so important to build pollinator friendly gardens on residential properties
pollinator gardens provide food corridors for pollinators that travel cross country, because urbanization has destroyed natural corridors
the most important landscape element that should always be included in the garden as a way to promote good ecology
water features
well-built soil increases water infiltration by
20%
how long does it take for a 6’ tree to become established after planting?
12-18 months
why are woody plant and herbacious perennial sales in garden centers the highest in spring?
people that have been cooped up inside all winter and want to get outside and plant things in the spring
why do home gardners tend to neglect best planting and mantainence practices in their gardening endeavors
because plants are so resilient
what is one of the greatest dangers of not pursuing a biodiverse landscape in your home garden
weakens the ability of an ecosystem to resist disease and insect infection
if you could do one thing to attract birds in your landscape what would be the best thing to do first?
create multilayer landscape where birds can rest, nest and be protected
number one reason bird population is down in America
habitat loss
an example of a self-compatible plant that requires little home garden attention
tomato
your neighbor asks why every time they cultivate the rows between their vegetable plants to control weeds, two weeks later they have more weeds to contend with than they had before.
many seeds require exposure to light and the weed seeds below the soil were brought closer to the surface by cultivation
what part of “plant pregnancy” is different genetic information than the mother?
the seed
typically softwood cuttings of outdoor shrubs are taken in what time of year?
may/june
in the video Bryce showed, how did he seperate the seed from the fruit?
soaked fruit in water, squished fruit with finger, shook the mix, and then poured the mix through a strainer
what did plant researchers use to create a solution that other plant cuttings stuck in would root better and faster? led to the creation of the synthetic rooting hormone we use today
weeping willow
best time of year to divide plants with multiple crowns
Fall
what is one important thing to remember to always do
use labels
term used to describe when physiologically dormant seeds have their dormancy requirement met
stratification
proper term used to describe original plant we take cuttings from to create a clone
ortet
primary advantage of layering as a method of vegetative propagation
potential ramet still gets water and nutrition from original plant
when are nativars detrimental to native insects and birds
when they have burgundy leaves
group of plants that are typically self-incompatible
apples, pears, sweet cherries
major disadvantage to cloning
limits genetic diversity
term to describe seeds that germinate and grow normally
viable
best method to stratify physiologically dormant temperate seeds
put seeds in moist media and store in fridge for 2-3 months
order of treatment for temperate seeds that are double dormant
scarification, stratification, planting
easiest and most economy way to overcome self-incompatibility
Mr Rodgers method
to increase the longevity of most seeds, you should store them in which of the following conditions?
in the refrigerator (40F 30-40% humidity)
what do you call a group of plants all derived from the same individual, and propagated exclusively by vegetative means
clone
what did Bryce use to mantain a high relative humidity around his hydrangea cuttings taken in mid-May and early June
clear plastic bin from Target
