Test Flashcards
What is an abiotic factor?
A non-living factor in an environment.
What does accommodation refer to in biology?
The ability to focus on near or distant objects by changing the shape of the lens in the eye.
What is meant by an accurate result?
A result that is very close to the true answer.
Define active transport.
The movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration.
What is adaptation in biological terms?
A feature that helps an organism to survive in the conditions of its natural environment.
What is adult cell cloning?
A method of cloning animals using a nucleus from an adult body cell put into an unfertilised egg cell.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that uses oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water.
What is an allele?
An alternative version of a gene.
What is an alveolus?
A tiny air sac in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.
What is an amino acid?
A small molecule that is a building block of proteins.
What is amylase?
A digestive enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars.
Define anaerobic respiration.
Respiration without oxygen, producing lactic acid in humans and ethanol in plants and yeast.
What is an anomalous result?
A result that doesn’t seem to fit with the rest of the data.
What is an antibiotic?
A drug used to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria.
What is antibiotic resistance?
When bacteria aren’t killed by an antibiotic.
What is an antibody?
A protein produced by white blood cells in response to an antigen.
What is an antigen?
A molecule on the surface of a cell that triggers an immune response.
What is an antitoxin?
A protein produced by white blood cells that stops toxins from working.
What is the aorta?
The blood vessel that transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
What are Archaea?
A domain in the three-domain system of classification made up of primitive bacteria.
What is the function of an artery?
A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
What is an artificial heart?
A mechanical device that can be put into a person to pump blood if their own heart fails.
What is asexual reproduction?
When organisms reproduce by mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring.
What is an atrium?
A chamber of the heart that blood flows into from the pulmonary vein or the vena cava.
What is auxin?
A plant hormone that controls the growth of a plant in response to different stimuli.
What is Bacteria in the context of the three-domain system?
A domain made up of true bacteria, e.g. E. coli.
