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Music N Me > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

Emotivism

A

Music evokes real emotions

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2
Q

Cognitivism

A

Music expresses emotions but doesn’t evoke them

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3
Q

Key theorists: 3

A

Stephen Davies, Justin & vastfjall and peter kivy

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4
Q

Brain stem reflexes:

A

Rhymtic entertainment, episodic memory and music expectancy

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5
Q

What would this be? Recognizing sadness in a minor key without feeling sad.

A

Cognitivism

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6
Q

For happiness, musical expression would be..

A

Fast tempo, major mode, simple harmony

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7
Q

For sadness, musical expression would be..

A

Slow tempo, minor mode, low pitch

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8
Q

For anger, musical expression would be..

A

Fast tempo, minor mode

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9
Q

For fear, musical expression would be..

A

Fast tempo, minor mode, low sound level

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10
Q

Real emotions?

A

Physiological responses similar to everyday emotions

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11
Q

Aesthetic emotions

A

Like wonder, nostalgia

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12
Q

Chills

A

-strongest emotional response
-activates brains reward system

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13
Q

Measuring emotional responses to music (3)

A

Self reports: prone to bias
Physiological measures: track heart rate
Neurological measures: EEG, fMRI

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14
Q

Characteristics of sound (3)

A

Frequency (Hz) number of cycles completed by sound wave
Amplitude (dB) loudness of sound
Timbre, quality of sound

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15
Q

Outer ear consists of..(3)

A

Pinnacle: curved flap of cartilage and skin

Auditory canal: 2,5cm with hairs,leads to eardrum

Eardrum/tympanic membrane: thin, flexible membrane, 1cm, moves in response to sound waves

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16
Q

Middle ear (1)

A

Ossicles: 3 smallest bones in body, grain of rice, ossicles amplify sound 22 times

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17
Q

Inner ear

A

Cochlea: produces electrical impulse to brain

18
Q

Auditory cortex: two streams of it

A

Anterior auditory pathway: identifies sound

Posterior auditory pathway: identifies where sound is

19
Q

Effects of damage to auditory system (4)

A

Difficulty in localization

Difficulty in recognizing complex sounds

Deafness

Tinnitus (ringing)

20
Q

Two types of deafness

A

Conductive: damage to ossicles

Nerve: damage to cochlea/nerve

21
Q

Theories of hearing

A

Hear individual pitches

Can’t explain how we perceive frequencies below 150Hz

Frequency theory
500 Hz tone stimulates hair cells
Neurons can’t fire more than 1000 times per second

22
Q

Role of music in emotional regulation/physical health (4)

A

-music influences dopamine levels

-cortisol reduction thru music

-musics effect on heart rate n blood pressure

-stroke patients improved gait with rhythmic music

23
Q

Limbic system made of 2..

A

Amygdala: emotion, learning related to unpleasant outcomes

Hippocampus: formation of conscious memory, spatial maps of environment

24
Q

Synapse is

A

Connects points between neurons

Transfers chemical signals to next neuron

25
Q

Music for depression

A

Reduces symptoms, provides emotional cathersis

26
Q

Music for Anxiety n PTSD

A

Lowers SNS activity, relaxation

27
Q

Music for dementia

A

Enhances mood/memory

28
Q

Music for schizophrenia

A

Improves social function, emotional expression

29
Q

Active music making and the brain (5)

A

Singing: stimulates both hemispheres, helps in stroke recovery

Improvisation: increases neuroplasticity

Drumming: improves motor control in Parkinson’s patients

Elderly choirs: reduces loneliness/risk of depression

Neurodivergent populations: ADHD benefit from structured rhythmic activities

30
Q

Early exposure to diverse music can..

A

Help maintain flexibility in perceptual abilities

31
Q

Maternal singing helps..

A

Infants regulate emotions and engage in convos

32
Q

Infants display at very early age..

A

Natural inclination toward music

33
Q

Autistic children often have..

A

Enhanced pitch perception and memory

34
Q

Children with Williams syndrome show..

A

Heightened emotional engagement with music

35
Q

Key brain regions in music processing (4)

A

Auditory cortex

Prefrontal cortex

Limbic system

Reward centres of brain

36
Q

Key brain regions in music production (6)

A

Motor cortex: movement coordination

Cerebellum: rhythm/timing

Pre motor cortex: planning movements

Corpus callosum: coordination between
hemispheres

Visual cortex: sight reading

Language areas: broca area, wernickes area

37
Q

Neuroimaging in music production activates..

A

Motor cortex, auditory cortex, frontal operculum

38
Q

Amusing is..

A

Loss of music perception/production

39
Q

Case study Clive wearing is..

A

Severe memory loss due to hippocamal damage
BUT retained ability to play piano

40
Q

Case study Mrs.L musical hallucinations..

A

Developed vivid musical hallucinations after hearing loss
Brain generated internal music to compensate for lost auditory input

41
Q

Case study Tony Cicoria, musical lightning strike

A

Developed passion for classical music after being struck by lightning

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