Test 16- The urinary system

Question 1

In the urinary system, waste ..(1).. by the kidneys. a filtrate of water, iron and small molecules ..(2).. from the blood which comes from the renal artery.

Answer 1

(1) is eliminated

(2) is separated

Question 2

The kidney consists of about 1 million units which …. nephrons. Each nephron is a complicated structure positioned partly in the medulla and partly in the cortex of the kidney.

Answer 2

are called

Question 3

The glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules ..(1).. in the renal cortex. The glomerulus is a coiled mass of capillaries which ..(2).. by specialized cells. Fluid leaves the capillaries and passes into the lumen of the nephron. the electrolyte composition of the blood ..(3).. in the urinary filtrate. Plasma proteins and blood cells do not pass out but ..(4).. in the capillaries.

Answer 3

(1) are situated
(2) are surrounded
(3) is reflected
(4) are retained

Question 4

In the proximal convoluted tubule, sodium ions ..(1).. back into the body. Sugars and amino acids …(2).. from the filtrate and most of the water ..(3).. by the end of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 4

(1) are pumped
(2) are absorbed
(3) is recovered

Question 5

In the loop of Henle, the composition of the filtrate ..(1).. hardly ..(2).. but a gradient of sodium concentration ..(3).. .

Answer 5

(1) is
(2) altered
(3) is set up

Question 6

Water and ions are further recovered in the distal convoluted tubule. Collecting ducts ..(1).. by several distal convoluted tubules. In the collecting ducts, ions and small molecules such as urea are retained but water ..(2).. to the surroundings.

Answer 6

(1) are formed

(2) is lost

Question 7

Urine ..(1).. in the ureters from each kidney to the bladder where it ..(2).. . When the volume of urine reaches between 200 and 300 ml a desire to void urine ..(3).. . Urine is conveyed from the bladder to the exterior via the urethra.

Answer 7

(1) is transported
(2) is stored
(3) is felt