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1
Q

Guaifenesin is most often used in horses and cattle to provide:

A

Muscle Relaxation

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2
Q

What area of the cerebrum is responsible for the higher processing and awareness of pain?

A

Somatosensory cortex

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3
Q

The intermediate zones of the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata help to

A

transmit and project painful stimulations.

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4
Q

The deltoid tuberosity is located on which of the following bones of the horse?

A

Humerus

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5
Q

Which of the following best describes the use for Doppler ultrasound?

A

Doppler is used to image the flow of blood and other liquids as well as to measure their velocity

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6
Q

M-mode or motion mode is used simultaneously with B-mode to display the

A

motion of the tissues over a two-dimensional scale.

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7
Q

B-mode or brightness mode is used to display the

A

different shades of gray.

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8
Q

Which of the following is the ideal way to assess ventilation in the horse?

A

Blood Gas analysis

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9
Q

Viruses are best described as:

A

Obligatory intracellular parasites
“non-free-living”

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10
Q

Attrition is the

A

active or passive wear of the tooth surface either by chewing, by biting, or when there is close contact with another tooth.

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11
Q

All of the following are considered benefits of using skin staples except:

A

Staples are most cost effective

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12
Q

Which of the following inhalants cannot be used safely in ruminants?

A

Nitrous oxide b/c it will cause bloat and diffusion hypoxia.

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13
Q

Which of the following is least likely to cause vaccine failure?

A

Improper route of administration

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14
Q

You are preparing for an emergency German shepherd patient presenting with a suspected GDV. It will likely require emergency surgery soon after arrival. In preparing for the procedure, where you are going to place the IV catheter?

A

Large-bore catheter in the jugular vein

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15
Q

A healthy, adult, small-breed dog is presented to the veterinary practice for a wellness exam. At what point does one become concerned about an elevated heart rate?

A

250 beats/mi

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16
Q

Which of the following antiseptics are considered choice oral rinses for horses?

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate b/c Chlorhexidine acetate will irritate the MM

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17
Q

Which of the following contains receptor cells for hearing?

A

Organ of Corti

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18
Q

Which of the following is a neuroactive steroid anesthetic?

A

Alfaxalone; that produces hypnosis and muscle relaxation by enhancing the inhibitory effect of GABA on the GABA receptor chloride channel complex

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the special senses?

A

Proprioception

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20
Q

Grooves on bones that allow tendons to act as pulleys are known as:

A

Trochlea

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21
Q

Fossa is a

A

hollow or depressed area on a bone

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22
Q

Ligaments connect

A

one bone to another bone

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23
Q

Epicondyle is a

A

projection of bone on the lateral

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24
Q

Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint?

A

Forelimb from the body

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25
Q

If the angle of tilt of a bird’s wing is greater than _______, then lift is reduced.

A

15 degress

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26
Q

At ___ degrees the bird is still able to have lift.

A

5 Degrees

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27
Q

Which of the following increases the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues, while encouraging muscle relaxation? It is used to encourage the breakdown and mobilization of adhesions in damaged tissues, soften fascia, and prevent injury.

A

Petrissage

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28
Q

Effleurage is a

A

gentle form of massage that should be used before other forms of physical therapy, and it familiarizes the animal to being touched

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29
Q

Percussion involves

A

gently tapping the skin with the palm or the side of the hand, and large areas of muscle can be treated in this way

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30
Q

Vibration is a

A

useful technique in which a group of muscles is slowly moved in a to-and-fro movement or by holding the paw to stimulate the whole limb. Vibration is useful at the end of a massage session because it relaxes the muscles.

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31
Q

Which of the following options is not a ketone?

A

Ketoacetone

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32
Q

What are the 3 ketones

A
  1. Acetoacetate
  2. Beta-hydroxybutyrate
  3. Acetone
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33
Q

Which of the following tests is not included in a routine CBC?

A

Reticulocyte count

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34
Q

Via what structure do ureters carry urine to the outside of the body in birds?

A

Cloaca

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35
Q

Which of the following is the most common and largest space used for subcutaneous fluid administration in the avian patient?

A

Inguinal area

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36
Q

What type of needle is recommended for an epidural catheter?

A

Tuohy-type

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37
Q

Which of the following is a potential complication for a patient anesthetized for a myelogram?

A

Seizures

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38
Q

Calf scours is common among young dairy and beef calves, and it is characterized by:

A

Diarrhea

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39
Q

Muscle weakness in calves is known

A

white muscle disease

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40
Q

What does “buffering the solution” refer to?

A

Creating a neutral solution with the pH close to 7

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41
Q

What is the preferred route of fluid administration in a critically ill animal?

42
Q

For patients that have to be hospitalized long term, what is meant by keeping them in a “physiologic position”?

A

Sternal recumbency with head elevated

43
Q

The _________ is the second largest portion of the brain.

A

Cerebellum

44
Q

The ____ is the largest portion of the brain.

45
Q

The corpus callosum (Brain) is the

A

bundle of nerve fibers that connect the right and left hemisphere of the cerebrum.

46
Q

The cortex is the

A

outer layer of nervous tissue in the brain

47
Q

In the kidney, the primary site of action for ADH is in the:

A

Collecting ducts

48
Q

Where do the epaxial muscles lie?

A

Dorsal to the transverse process of the vertebrae

49
Q

Which of the following statements is the correct definition of rapport?

A

Mutual trust or emotional relationship that exists among team members

50
Q

The effectiveness of a surgical scrub of the hands and arms with a bactericidal soap depends on the:

A

Combination of contact time and scrubbing action

51
Q

The reproductive organ in the male lizard consists of:

A

Paired hemipenes: testicles are internal

52
Q

All of the following sutures have a degree of capillarity, except?

A

Polypropylene

53
Q

The parasite that lives on the skin’s surface is:

A

Chorioptes species

54
Q

Demodex species live in the

A

hair follicles.

55
Q

Sarcoptes species

A

burrow into the skin

56
Q

Otodectes species live

A

in the external ear canal of dogs and cats

57
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient in a common over-the-counter (OTC) preparation used for some types of gastrointestinal disease, to what effect?

A

Antidiarrheic

58
Q

Which of the following will help prevent motion artifacts?

A

high milliamperage should be used, which produces the shortest exposure time

59
Q

Lower milliamperage creates

A

longer exposure time and thus does not help with motion artifacts

60
Q

The kVp is used to obtain the

A

correct penetration to provide for the best gray scale of the area of interest.

61
Q

What class of drugs generally poses the greatest potential health threat to those handling the medication?

A

Antineoplastic

62
Q

Antineoplastics are used to treat cancer and can be

A

teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic

63
Q

What is the average weight of an adult pot bellied pig?

64
Q

Which of the following statements defines balanced anesthesia?

A

Administration of multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities than would be required if each were administered alone

65
Q

How long must instruments be aerated for (after ethylene oxide gas sterilization) before they can be used?

66
Q

In dogs, normal doses of opioids generally produce all of the following except:

A

excitement

67
Q

Normal scissor occlusion occurs when the maxillary fourth premolars occlude:

A

Buccally to the mandibular first molar

68
Q

What parasite causes a very pruritic disease in dogs?

69
Q

Which of the following reflexes should always be present in patients under anesthesia?

A

Corneal reflex

70
Q

Ear canal ablation refers to:

A

Surgical removal and closure of the external ear canal

71
Q

What is the most useful way to report WBC differential results?

A

As absolute numbers

72
Q

What is the function of a vaporizer?

A

To deliver safe and effective levels of anesthetic gas

73
Q

Which of the following drugs causes a dose-dependent vasodilation?

A

Isoflurane

74
Q

Morphine has a strong tendency to cause physical dependency or addiction in humans. What is the classification of morphine in the United States and Canada?

A

Schedule II

75
Q

Whats a schedule 1 drug

76
Q

whats a schedule 3 drug

A

buprenorphine

77
Q

Yohimbine is an alpha-2 antagonist used to reverse

78
Q

Flumazenil reverses

A

benzodiazepines

79
Q

Naloxone reverses

A

mu agonist opioids

80
Q

What is the MAC value of isoflurane in the dog?

81
Q

Which of the following dogs has a mesaticephalic head?

A

Beagle: head is normal and average

82
Q

The inner ear consists of the

A

cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals

83
Q

The middle ear consists of the

A

tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, and stapes.

84
Q

Phimosis refers to

A

the inability to extend the penis,

85
Q

Priapism refers to

A

the persistent erection of the penis

86
Q

Paraphimosis refers to

A

the idiopathic protrusion of the nonerect penis with the inability to retract it.

87
Q

The gestational period of rabbits is

A

28–32 days

88
Q

The gestational period for the chinchilla is

89
Q

The gestational period for guinea pigs is

90
Q

The gestational period for mice is

A

19-21 days

91
Q

Which of the following will decrease the efficacy of lidocaine when used to address cardiac arrhythmias?

A

Hypokalemia

92
Q

Alpha-tocopherol is also known as:

93
Q

A reported side effect of fluoroquinolone administration (Baytril) in cats given SID dosing at a higher dosing schedule is:

A

Retinal damage

94
Q

Which of these tissues is not a normal site for drugs to accumulate to be released later, thereby prolonging the effect of the drug?

95
Q

The active drug in ProHeart is moxidectin, and it is a member of which drug class?

A

Milbemycin

96
Q

If a surgical incision is dehiscing, the discharge, if present, is most likely:

A

Serosanguineous

97
Q

Which of the following is an absorbable suture material?

A

Polydioxanone

98
Q

Which of the following does not describe a type of surgical scissors?

99
Q

Peripheral catheters should be monitored frequently and changed every:

A

72 hrs or 3 days

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