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a therapeutic method, originated by Sigmund Freud. fro treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the patients mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind
PSYCHOANALYSIS
who is the proponent PSYCHOANALYSIS
Sigmund Freud
dream interpretation and free association.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
Freud began his studies on psychoanalysis in
collaboration with Dr.Josef Breuer, most notably in
relation to the case study of
Anna O
Anna was
subject to a number of
Psychosomatic Disturbance
View development as primarily beyond
awareness (unconscious) and deeply affected
by emotion.
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY
there are three functions:inPSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY
id
superego
ego
unconscious source of primitive sexual, dependency, and aggressive impulses;
id
subconsciously interjects societal mores, setting standards to live
superego
represents a sense of self and
mediates between realities of the moment and psychic needs and conflicts
ego
reality
ego
instincts
id
morality
superego
driven by the morality principle. It
enforces the morality of social thought and action on
an intrapsychic level. It employs morality, judging wrong and right and using guilt to discourage socially unacceptable behavior.
superego
is the aspect of personality that
is driven by internal and basic drives
and needs, such as hunger, thirst, and
the drive for sex, or libido. The id acts
in accordance with thepleasure
principle. Due to the instinctual
quality of the id, it is impulsive and
unaware of the implications of actions.
id
is driven by thereality principle. The ego
seeks to balance the conflicting aims of the id and superego, by trying to satisfy the id’s drives in ways
that are compatible with reality. The Ego is how we
view ourselves: it is what we refer to as ‘I’ (Freud’s
word is the Germanich, which simply means ‘I’).
ego
balances demands of the id, the
superego, and of reality to maintain a healthy state of consciousness, where there is only minimal intrapsychic conflict. It thus reacts to protect the individual from stressors and from anxiety by distorting internal or external reality
to a lesser or greater extent. This prevents threatening unconscious thoughts and material
from entering the consciousness.
ego
The ten differentdefense mechanismsinitially enumerated byAnna Freud
repression,
regression,
reaction
formation,
isolation of affect,
undoing,
projection,
introjection,
sublimation.
Freud believed that as children grow up,
their focus of pleasure and sexual impulses moves from the mouth to the anus and in due course to the genitals.
PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Freud believed that life was built around
tension and pleasure
Note, Freud used the term in a very general way to mean all pleasurable actions and thoughts.
sexual
Freud stressed that the
are crucial to the formation of adult personality
first five years
You can remember the order of these stages by using themnemonic:
old (oral)
age (anal)
pensioners (phallic)
love (latent)
grapes
(genital).
refers to the theoretical notion that a
portion of the individual’s libido has been
permanently “invested” in a particular stage of his development.
Fixation
acknowledged Freud’s contribution but believed that Freud misapprehended some important aspects of human development.
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
by Erik Erikson
Erikson’s theory was based on what is
known as the.
epigenetic principle.
principle suggests that people
grow in a sequence that occurs over
time and in the context of a larger
community.
epigenetic principle
epigenetic means
on top of
“epigenetic principle” was the
notion that children develop
through stages that
build on me another
These conflicts are centered on either
developing a psychological quality or
failing to develop that quality.
During these times, the potential for
personal growth is highbut so is the
potential for failure.
Central Conflict or Psychosocial Crisis
If people successfully deal with the
conflict, they emerge from the stage with
psychological strengths that will serve
them well for the rest of their lives.If
they fail to deal effectively with these
conflicts, they may not develop the
essential skills needed for a strong sense
of self.
CENTRAL CONFLICT OR PSYCHOSOCIAL CRISIS
they are referring to all of the beliefs,
ideals, and values that help shape and
guide a person’s behavior.
identity
the theory of psychosocial development by Erik Erikson includes
8 stages of personality development
