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Hygiene Module > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

0
Q

What’s the function of the Integumentary System?

A

It’s function is to provide a protective covering that prevents bacteria entering the body.
Skin- protects organs from injury & prevents excessive water leaving the body.
Hair- protects nose, eyes, & ears from dust, insects, & foreign objects.
Nails- protests fingers & toes/helps handle & pickup objects
Oil glands- lie near hair follicles
- helps make hair & skin soft & shiny
- prevents bacteria growth on skin

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1
Q

What does the Integumentary system consist of?

A

Consists of skin, hair, nails, & some glands(sweat & oil) & nerve endings

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2
Q

What 3 ways can regulate & retain heat/body temperature.

A
  1. Sweat glands= help regulate body temp
  2. Skin= help regulate body temp
  3. Hair on head= helps retain heat
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3
Q

What are the layers of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Epidermis- outer layer
    - pigment, tone
    - no blood vessels & few nerve
    endings
  2. Dermis- inner layer
    - made of connective tissue
    - blood vessels
    - nerves
    - sweat & oil glands
    - hair roots
  3. Hypodermis- fatty layer
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4
Q

What is Urticaria disorder?

A

Urticaria is hives- raised, itchy welts(a circular, red, spongy lesion
that changes over time. Varies in size)
- allergic reaction to: *food(shellfish)
*bugbites
*drugs
Tx. Benadryl, cool oatmeal bath, topical lotions

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5
Q

What is dermatitis disorder?

A

Dermatitis- is inflammation of the skin caused by a direct contact of a irritant or allergen.

             - causing substances:*laundry soap
                         * poison           *fabric softener
                         * plants            *perfume 
             - looks like burn
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6
Q

What are the symptoms of dermatitis?

A 
Red
Itchy 
Skin tenderness
Swelling
Warmth of exposed area
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7
Q

What is tx. for dermatitis?

A

Calamine lotion
Benadryl
Light steroidal cream
Moist cool cloth to wipe

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8
Q

What is eczema disorder?

A

Eczema-is an inflammatory condition of the skin

         - symptoms: rec, dry patchy& extremely 
            itchy. ( encourage pt not to scratch)
         - Tx. - prevent scratching 
             - lotions or creams to keep skin moist
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9
Q

What is scabies disorder?

A
  • highly contagious skin infection
  • caused by:*a mite
    * burrows under skin
    * lays eggs
  • causing intense itchy skin rashes
  • spreads through skin to skin contact
  • develops in fold of skin
  • 4-6 months for symptoms to develop
  • symptoms: itchy, red, elevated skin
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10
Q

Tx. for scabies

A

Topical application to kill mites

Wash all bedding, clothing in hot water

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11
Q

What is psoriasis disorder?

A

Psoriasis- a persistent skin disorder
- scaly, red patches anywhere on body
- silvery white appearance
Symptoms- itching & physical discomfort
Tx.- different for each ct
- follow care plan

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12
Q

What is a boil/furuncle disorder?

A

boil/furuncle- skin disorder caused by an infection of the hair follicle usually by a bacterium called staph

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13
Q

What is the Tx. for boil/furuncle?

A
  • Do not pop until looks like a pimple
  • Yellow white point will appear in the middle of the boil
  • warm compress
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of boil/furuncle?

A
  • red puss filled lumps
  • pain on:* back. * thighs
    * shoulder. * buttocks
    * underarms
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15
Q

What is impetigo disorder?

A

Impetigo- contagious skin disorder
- caused by:* staph or strep bacteria
cut or scratch gets infected
- when pt scratches and touches
another part of the body bacteria spreads
- use standard care practises
Symptoms:- on hands & face
- crusty area
- red & weeps
Tx.- wash linens
- dishes separate
- Abx cream

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16
Q

What is a cyst disorder?

A

Cyst- an abnormal closed sac filled with air,
puss,& fluid
Tx.- meds to dissolve the sac

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17
Q

What is skin Ca?

A

Skin cancer- malignant growth on the skin
- develops in the epidermis
- is visible
Causes/Risks- sun. - tanning bed - red hair
- smokers. - moles(abcd) - green eyes
- fair skin. - radiation - chemical exposure
Tx.- incision= cut out
- curettage= if on face, scrape till no visible
cancer cells are visible.
- cryo Sx.= freeze
- Sx. Any surgery needed
- photodynamic therapy= light
- medication

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18
Q

What is basal cell disorder?

A

Basal cell- raised, smooth, pearly bump
- found on areas exposed to the sun
- small vessels seen in tumour can
bleed & crust over
Symptoms- red, scaling
- thickened patch on sun expo. skin
- bleeding & ulcerations(breaks in
skin) can occur.
- can increase in size
Malignant- lg patches of discolouration
Precaution- stay out of sun
- use SPF

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19
Q

What is cellulitis disorder?

A

Cellulitis- bacterial infection of the skin
- tissues beneath the skin(fatty tissue)
- staph & strep Bactria
S&S- tenderness. - redness. - swelling - fever
- sweats. - chills. - pain - fatigue -
- swelling lymph nodes

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20
Q

What in in involved in Hygiene?

A 
Safety 
Privacy 
Culture/Religion
Independence 
What they can do 
Preferences
21
Q

What tasks are involved in Personal Hygiene?

A

Shaving
Oral care
Peri care
Grooming( hair combed, glasses, HA)

22
Q

What factors affect hygiene & skin care?

A 
Incontinence
Bed rest 
Precipitation 
Emesis(vomiting) 
Wound drainage 
Lack of awareness
23
Q

Difference in LTC hours am/pm

A

AM care- toiletting - mouth care - glasses/HA
- wash - dress - grooming

Afternoon care- toiletting

                    - finish care
                    - nap

Bedtime- toiletting

          - teeth
          - pj's
          - bells
          - HA/glasses
24
Q

Mouth care

A
  • Prevent infection
  • Prevent dental complications
  • Dry mouth causes
    • low fluids
    • hight salt intake(NA)
    • meds
    • NPO
    • smoking
    • mouth breathing
    • 02
25
Q

Record and report……

A 
Bleeding 
Pain
(Open) sores 
Loose &/or cracked teeth/dentures 
Extreme bad breath 
ill fitting dentures
26
Q

Unconscious ct

A 
Dry or Drool mouth
Clean with swab 
Turn on side to prevent choking 
Have suction available 
Clorhexidine  mouth wash
27
Q

Types of bathing?

A

Partial bed bath= pits, paws, peri(gloves on, dirty- clean, front(v)-back(b))
Total bed bath= head to toe
Tub bath= lift, open door, slab, whirlpool/ reg.
Shower

28
Q

Bathing guidelines

A
  • Make sure you have all supplies
  • provide privacy
  • warmth(cover with towels)
  • soap/don’t leave in water
  • assistance
  • clean dry skin folds
  • peri
  • watch for skin breakdown
  • unexplained bruising,rashes,pain,(not ordinary)
29
Q

Bathing confused pt

A
  • repeat explanation
  • stay calm
  • distract
  • use low voice
  • if pops in tub scoop out, drain then shower
  • dry poop–> shaving cream
30
Q

What is decubitus?

A

Bed sore

31
Q

What is the Musculo-skeletal system?

A
  • framework of your body
  • allows body to move
  • consists of bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons, & cartilage.
  • 206 bones
  • 4 types of bone
    1. Long bone=take the wt(femur)
    2. Short bone=allows ease of movement(toes
    3. Flat bone=protect organs(ribs)
    4. Irregular bone=allows movement&flexibility
32
Q

Joints?

A
  • Point where 2 or more bones meet & allow movement.
  • 3 types of joints
    1. Ball& socket- hip shoulder
      - round end of the bone connects
      into the hollow end of another
    2. Hinge- knee, elbow
      - movement in one direction
    3. Pivot- skull connects to spine
33
Q

Cartilage?

A

Connective tissue that cousins the joints so the bones don’t rub together.

34
Q

Ligament?

A

String band of connective tissue that holds joints together.

35
Q

What type of muscles and how many are in the human body?

A

3 types of muscles & 500 or more in the body.

  1. Voluntary- we know we’re controlling them
  2. Involuntary- work automatically
    - Organ muscles
  3. Cardiac- uses both voluntary & invoulentary
    - controls heart
36
Q

What are the 3 functions of muscles?

A
  1. Controls posture
  2. Movement &
  3. Heart
37
Q

ROM?

A
  • joint movement
    1. Hypertension- excessive straightening
    2. Rotate(turn the joint)- internal=turn inward
    - external=turn outward
    3. Doris flexion- bending foot upward
    Plantar flexion- bending foot downward
    4. Pronation- turning inward
    5. Supination- turning outwards
38
Q

What are the causes of skin breakdown?

A 
Pressure 
Trauma 
Sx
Low blood flow through arteries or veins 
Never damage
39
Q

PSW role for wound care?

A
  1. Prevent further infection
  2. Prevent further injury
  3. Prevent blood loss
  4. Prevent pain
40
Q

Friction?

A

Are 2 surfaces moving in opposite directions

41
Q

Shearing?

A

A mixture of friction and pressure.

42
Q

Abrasion?

A

Scraping away of skin.

43
Q

Incision?

A

Open wound with clean straight lines.

44
Q

Laceration?

A

Open wound with torn edges.

45
Q

Contusion?

A

Closed wound caused by a blow to the body.

46
Q

Skin tear?& causes?

A
  • A rip or tear in the skin.
  • Causes- transferring
    - bumping limb on hard surface
    - hold leg arm to tight
    - bathing/dressing(buttons/zippers)
47
Q

What are the common places for a skin tear?

A

Arms
Lower legs
Hands

48
Q

Pressure ulcers?

A
  • Caused by unrelieved pressure

- they occur over body’s prominences called pressure points

49
Q

Places where pressure ulcers can develop?

A

On back. On side

  • coccyx. - hip
  • heals - ribs
  • elbow. - ankles
  • shoulder blades. - shoulder
  • toes. - knees
  • back of head. - ear
50
Q

Signs of pressure ulcer(4stages)

A
  • pale skin, warm reddened area
  • 4 stages Stage 1.* Skin intact
    * redness over body
    • colour doesn’t return when pressure relieved
      Stage 2.*Partial thickness
      * skin cracked, blistered, peeling
      Stage 3. Fill thickness skin loss
      * area open & draining
      Stage 4.      full thickness
      * visible bone, mucle, tendon

Hygiene Module (1 decks)

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