Test Flashcards by Chrystal Quinsey

What’s the function of the Integumentary System?

It’s function is to provide a protective covering that prevents bacteria entering the body.
Skin- protects organs from injury & prevents excessive water leaving the body.
Hair- protects nose, eyes, & ears from dust, insects, & foreign objects.
Nails- protests fingers & toes/helps handle & pickup objects
Oil glands- lie near hair follicles
- helps make hair & skin soft & shiny
- prevents bacteria growth on skin

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What does the Integumentary system consist of?

Consists of skin, hair, nails, & some glands(sweat & oil) & nerve endings

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What 3 ways can regulate & retain heat/body temperature.

Sweat glands= help regulate body temp
Skin= help regulate body temp
Hair on head= helps retain heat

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What are the layers of the integumentary system?

Epidermis- outer layer
- pigment, tone
- no blood vessels & few nerve
endings
Dermis- inner layer
- made of connective tissue
- blood vessels
- nerves
- sweat & oil glands
- hair roots
Hypodermis- fatty layer

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What is Urticaria disorder?

Urticaria is hives- raised, itchy welts(a circular, red, spongy lesion
that changes over time. Varies in size)
- allergic reaction to: *food(shellfish)
*bugbites
*drugs
Tx. Benadryl, cool oatmeal bath, topical lotions

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What is dermatitis disorder?

Dermatitis- is inflammation of the skin caused by a direct contact of a irritant or allergen.

             - causing substances:*laundry soap
                         * poison           *fabric softener
                         * plants            *perfume 
             - looks like burn

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What are the symptoms of dermatitis?

Red
Itchy 
Skin tenderness
Swelling
Warmth of exposed area

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What is tx. for dermatitis?

Calamine lotion
Benadryl
Light steroidal cream
Moist cool cloth to wipe

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What is eczema disorder?

Eczema-is an inflammatory condition of the skin

         - symptoms: rec, dry patchy& extremely 
            itchy. ( encourage pt not to scratch)
         - Tx. - prevent scratching 
             - lotions or creams to keep skin moist

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What is scabies disorder?

highly contagious skin infection
caused by:*a mite
* burrows under skin
* lays eggs
causing intense itchy skin rashes
spreads through skin to skin contact
develops in fold of skin
4-6 months for symptoms to develop
symptoms: itchy, red, elevated skin

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Tx. for scabies

Topical application to kill mites

Wash all bedding, clothing in hot water

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What is psoriasis disorder?

Psoriasis- a persistent skin disorder
- scaly, red patches anywhere on body
- silvery white appearance
Symptoms- itching & physical discomfort
Tx.- different for each ct
- follow care plan

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What is a boil/furuncle disorder?

boil/furuncle- skin disorder caused by an infection of the hair follicle usually by a bacterium called staph

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What is the Tx. for boil/furuncle?

Do not pop until looks like a pimple
Yellow white point will appear in the middle of the boil
warm compress

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What are the symptoms of boil/furuncle?

red puss filled lumps
pain on:* back. * thighs
* shoulder. * buttocks
* underarms

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What is impetigo disorder?

Impetigo- contagious skin disorder
- caused by:* staph or strep bacteria
cut or scratch gets infected
- when pt scratches and touches
another part of the body bacteria spreads
- use standard care practises
Symptoms:- on hands & face
- crusty area
- red & weeps
Tx.- wash linens
- dishes separate
- Abx cream

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What is a cyst disorder?

Cyst- an abnormal closed sac filled with air,
puss,& fluid
Tx.- meds to dissolve the sac

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What is skin Ca?

Skin cancer- malignant growth on the skin
- develops in the epidermis
- is visible
Causes/Risks- sun. - tanning bed - red hair
- smokers. - moles(abcd) - green eyes
- fair skin. - radiation - chemical exposure
Tx.- incision= cut out
- curettage= if on face, scrape till no visible
cancer cells are visible.
- cryo Sx.= freeze
- Sx. Any surgery needed
- photodynamic therapy= light
- medication

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What is basal cell disorder?

Basal cell- raised, smooth, pearly bump
- found on areas exposed to the sun
- small vessels seen in tumour can
bleed & crust over
Symptoms- red, scaling
- thickened patch on sun expo. skin
- bleeding & ulcerations(breaks in
skin) can occur.
- can increase in size
Malignant- lg patches of discolouration
Precaution- stay out of sun
- use SPF

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What is cellulitis disorder?

Cellulitis- bacterial infection of the skin
- tissues beneath the skin(fatty tissue)
- staph & strep Bactria
S&S- tenderness. - redness. - swelling - fever
- sweats. - chills. - pain - fatigue -
- swelling lymph nodes

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What in in involved in Hygiene?

Safety 
Privacy 
Culture/Religion
Independence 
What they can do 
Preferences

What tasks are involved in Personal Hygiene?

Shaving
Oral care
Peri care
Grooming( hair combed, glasses, HA)

What factors affect hygiene & skin care?

Incontinence
Bed rest 
Precipitation 
Emesis(vomiting) 
Wound drainage 
Lack of awareness

Difference in LTC hours am/pm

AM care- toiletting - mouth care - glasses/HA
- wash - dress - grooming

Afternoon care- toiletting

                    - finish care
                    - nap

Bedtime- toiletting

          - teeth
          - pj's
          - bells
          - HA/glasses

Mouth care

- Prevent infection - Prevent dental complications - Dry mouth causes * low fluids * hight salt intake(NA) * meds * NPO * smoking * mouth breathing * 02

Record and report......

``` Bleeding Pain (Open) sores Loose &/or cracked teeth/dentures Extreme bad breath ill fitting dentures ```

Unconscious ct

``` Dry or Drool mouth Clean with swab Turn on side to prevent choking Have suction available Clorhexidine mouth wash ```

Types of bathing?

Partial bed bath= pits, paws, peri(gloves on, dirty- clean, front(v)-back(b)) Total bed bath= head to toe Tub bath= lift, open door, slab, whirlpool/ reg. Shower

Bathing guidelines

- Make sure you have all supplies - provide privacy - warmth(cover with towels) - soap/don't leave in water - assistance - clean dry skin folds - peri - watch for skin breakdown - unexplained bruising,rashes,pain,(not ordinary)

Bathing confused pt

- repeat explanation - stay calm - distract - use low voice - if pops in tub scoop out, drain then shower - dry poop--> shaving cream

What is decubitus?

Bed sore

What is the Musculo-skeletal system?

- framework of your body - allows body to move - consists of bone, muscles, ligaments, tendons, & cartilage. - 206 bones - 4 types of bone 1. Long bone=take the wt(femur) 2. Short bone=allows ease of movement(toes 3. Flat bone=protect organs(ribs) 4. Irregular bone=allows movement&flexibility

Joints?

- Point where 2 or more bones meet & allow movement. - 3 types of joints 1. Ball& socket- hip shoulder - round end of the bone connects into the hollow end of another 2. Hinge- knee, elbow - movement in one direction 3. Pivot- skull connects to spine

Cartilage?

Connective tissue that cousins the joints so the bones don't rub together.

Ligament?

String band of connective tissue that holds joints together.

What type of muscles and how many are in the human body?

3 types of muscles & 500 or more in the body. 1. Voluntary- we know we're controlling them 2. Involuntary- work automatically - Organ muscles 3. Cardiac- uses both voluntary & invoulentary - controls heart

What are the 3 functions of muscles?

1. Controls posture 2. Movement & 3. Heart

ROM?

- joint movement 1. Hypertension- excessive straightening 2. Rotate(turn the joint)- internal=turn inward - external=turn outward 3. Doris flexion- bending foot upward Plantar flexion- bending foot downward 4. Pronation- turning inward 5. Supination- turning outwards

What are the causes of skin breakdown?

``` Pressure Trauma Sx Low blood flow through arteries or veins Never damage ```

PSW role for wound care?

1. Prevent further infection 2. Prevent further injury 3. Prevent blood loss 4. Prevent pain

Friction?

Are 2 surfaces moving in opposite directions

Shearing?

A mixture of friction and pressure.

Abrasion?

Scraping away of skin.

Incision?

Open wound with clean straight lines.

Laceration?

Open wound with torn edges.

Contusion?

Closed wound caused by a blow to the body.

Skin tear?& causes?

- A rip or tear in the skin. - Causes- transferring - bumping limb on hard surface - hold leg arm to tight - bathing/dressing(buttons/zippers)

What are the common places for a skin tear?

Arms Lower legs Hands

Pressure ulcers?

- Caused by unrelieved pressure | - they occur over body's prominences called pressure points

Places where pressure ulcers can develop?

On back. On side - coccyx. - hip - heals - ribs - elbow. - ankles - shoulder blades. - shoulder - toes. - knees - back of head. - ear

Signs of pressure ulcer(4stages)

- pale skin, warm reddened area - 4 stages Stage 1.* Skin intact * redness over body * colour doesn't return when pressure relieved Stage 2.*Partial thickness * skin cracked, blistered, peeling Stage 3. *Fill thickness skin loss * area open & draining Stage 4.*full thickness * visible bone, mucle, tendon