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Fundamental healthcare > test > Flashcards

test Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following correctly describes cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary, striated and branched

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2
Q

what is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Allows the passage of materials by diffusion

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3
Q

which part of the brain is responsible for our ability to move and make decisions?

A

frontal lobe

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4
Q

————-involves the breakage of a chromosome in two places. The resulting piece of DNA is reversed and re-inserted into the chromosome

A

inversion

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5
Q

the central dogma of molecular biology is summarised as:

A

DNA——– transcription——–RNA———translation

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6
Q

———–decodes mRNA sequence into a protein . Functions at specific sites in the ribosome during translation

A

tRNA

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7
Q

A change in one DNA base pair that results in the substituition of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene is called ——- mutation

A

Missense

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8
Q

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition. How is CF passed down through families

A

Both parents are carriers of the CF gene

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9
Q

what is the role of the RNA polymerase enzyme?

A

Breaks the attachment between the DNA strands

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10
Q

Autosomal dominant inheritance can be describe as having:

A

A single copy of the associated mutation that is enough to cause the disease

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11
Q

which term is used to describe two different alleles for a trait?

A

Heterozygous

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12
Q

——–mutations occur at sometime during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell of the body. They can be caused by environmental factors such as UV radiation

A

somatic

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13
Q

veins:

A

Have valves to prevent backflow of blood

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14
Q

The site of gas exchange has a large surface area of:

A

70cm2

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15
Q

Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood

A

Bound to haemoglobin

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16
Q

What is the function of the Gastrointestinal system?

A

All of the above

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17
Q

which enzyme breaks down starch

A

Amylase

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18
Q

What does an ECG measure?

A

The electrical activity within the heart

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19
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical stimulus during every heartbeat?

A

Atrail depolarisation, ventricular depolarisation, atral and ventricular repolarisation

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20
Q

which of these statements most accurately reflects the absorption characteristics which enable the measurement of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry?

A

De-oxygenated and oxygenated blood have different light absorption characteristics

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21
Q

Pulse oximetry relies on light transmission through either the finger or ear lobe. Which of the following most accurately reflects the factors which light transmission is dependt on?

A

Thickness, colour, and structure of the skin, tissue bone blood, and other material which the light passes through

22
Q

Pulse oximetry relies on light transmission through either the finger or ear lobe. Which of the following most accurately reflects the factors which light transmission is dependt on?

A

Thickness, colour, and structure of the skin, tissue bone blood, and other material which the light passes through

23
Q

Before performing spirometry for diagnostic testing, subjects are asked to withhold the use of short acting, B2 agonist bronchodilators (example salbutamol). Which of the following best indicates how long subjects should be asked to withhold the medication

A

At least 4 hours

24
Q

The most abundant type of white blood cell in a healthy adult is

A

Neutrophils

25
Q

Which of the following most accurately represents the impact of pulsatile flow on the measurement of oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry

A

Pulsatile arterial blood during systole cause an influx of oxyhaemoglobin to the tissue, absorbing more infrared light, allowing less light to each photodetector

26
Q

In which of the following vessels does blood return to the heart from the head and upper limbs

A

superior vena cava

27
Q

Which one of the following aids with the movement of air into the lungs

A

All of the above

28
Q

Carbohydrates are broken down into

A

simple sugars

29
Q

which one of the following is a Bipolar limb lead?

A

Lead I

30
Q

Which of the following is the pacemaker of the heart

A

The sinostrial node

31
Q

A patient with already diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease has performed spirometry. Which of the following would provide the clinician with information to be able to confirm the diagnosis of an obstructive airway disease?

A

Reduces FEV1/FVC ratio

32
Q

A normal P-R interval should be between

A

0.12- 0.2

33
Q

Which of the following is the correct route for the blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation

A

Vena cava, right atrium right ventricle, pulmonary artery

34
Q

The following is the deflection seen on the surface ECG when depolarization of the left and right atrium is occurring.

A

The P wave

35
Q

which of the following substances can be secreted into the nephron?

A

Drugs

36
Q

Which cells would you find in the grey matter of the Central Nervous System?

A

neurones

37
Q

The normal paper speed setting for an ECG machine should be:

A

25mm/sec

38
Q

The central nervous system is composed of:

A

The brain and spinal cord

39
Q

The glomerulus is a capillary turf that allows the passage of fluid into which part of the nephron

A

Bowman’s capsule

40
Q

the function of the renal pelvis is to:

A

Funnel urine into the ureter

41
Q

Which cell myelinates neurons in the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendrocytes

42
Q

within the stomach, the parietal cells:

A

secrete hydrochloric acid

43
Q

Which structure’s primary function is the reabsorption of water

A

collecting duct

44
Q

A pulse oximeter generally uses light at which two wavelengths?

A

600nm and 900nm

45
Q

Bile is stored in the:

A

Gall bladder

46
Q

Which One of the following is Not part of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Alveolus

47
Q

The hypothalamus is located in which CNS area?

A

Midbrain

48
Q

The Pituitary gland is a gland located

A

Below the hypothalamus

49
Q

The Bowman’s capsule is closely associated with the

A

Glomerulus

50
Q

The medulla of the adrenal gland secretes which one of these hormones?

A

Adrenaline

51
Q

Which one of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

Trachea

Fundamental healthcare (2 decks)

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