Test 12th Jan

Question 1

Social Sensitivity

Answer 1

studies where there are potential social consequences for the participants or the group of people
represented by the research.

Question 2

Ethical Implications

Answer 2

Ethical implications consider the impact or consequences that psychological research has on the rights of other people in a wider context, not just the participants taking part in the
research.

Question 3

Idiographic

Answer 3

Idios means own. approaches that focus on the individual, and emphasise
the unique personal experience of human nature.

Question 4

Nomothetic

Answer 4

approach that are concerned with establishing general laws, based
on the study of large groups of people, and the use of statistical (quantitative) techniques to analyse data.

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

the values, beliefs and patterns of
behaviour shared by a group of people.

Question 6

Culture Bias

Answer 6

the tendency to judge people in terms of one’s own cultural assumptions.

Question 7

Alpha Bias

Answer 7

The exaggeration of gender differences

Question 8

Beta Bias

Answer 8

ignoring/ minimalizing gender differences

Question 9

Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

seeing the world only from one’s own cultural perspective, and believing that this one perspective is both normal
and correct.

Question 10

Cultural
Relativism

Answer 10

insists that behaviour can be properly understood
only if the cultural context is taken into consideration.

Question 11

Universality

Answer 11

A theory that can apply to all people, irrespective of gender and culture

Question 12

Gender bias

Answer 12

The representation of males and females, based on stereotypes and not on real differences

Question 13

Androcentrism

Answer 13

Theories which are centred on, or focused on males.

Question 14

Biological Determinism

Answer 14

the idea that all human behaviour is innate and determined by genes.

Question 15

Determinism

Answer 15

the view that free will is an illusion, and that our behaviour is governed by internal or external forces over which we
have no control.

Question 16

Environmental Determinism

Answer 16

our behaviour is caused by previous experience learned through classical and operant
conditioning.

Question 17

Free will

Answer 17

the idea that we can play an active role and have choice in how we behave

Question 18

Hard Determinism

Answer 18

the view that forces outside of our control (e.g. biology or past experience) shape our behaviour. Hard determinism is seen as incompatible with free will.

Question 19

Psychic Determinism

Answer 19

human behaviour is the result of childhood experiences and innate drives (id, ego and superego), as
in Freud’s model of psychological development.

Question 20

Soft Determinism

Answer 20

behaviour is constrained by the environment or biological make-up, but only to
a certain extent.

Question 21

Interactionist Approach

Answer 21

argues that several levels of explanation are necessary to explain a particular behaviour, ranging from lower
(biological) to higher levels (social and cultural).