test Flashcards
anatomical position
standing erect with arms at sides and palms of hands turned forward
anterior
situated towards front
C-spine
cervical spine (C1-C7)
Diffuse
generalized, not localized to any specific location
distal
farther from the trunk of body
epigastric
upper central region of the abdomen
fontanel
anatomical feature of an infant’s skull, the “soft-spot”
Inferior
lower on the body farther from the head
L-spine
lumbar spine (L1-L5)
lateral
farther from the midline
LLE
Left Lower Extremity, or Left leg
LLQ
Left Lower Quadrant, Left Lower Quadrant of the abdoment
LUE
Left Upper Extremity, Left arm
LUQ
Left Upper Quadrant of hte abdomen
medial
nearer to the midline
palmar, or volar
palm side of hand or body
Plantar
sole of foot
posterior, or dorsal
rear or back
prone
body position lying face down with forearms and hands turned palm side
proximal
nearer to the trunk of the body
RLE
Right Lower Extremity, or right leg
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant of the abdomen
RUE
Right Upper Extremity, or right arm
RUQ
Right Upper Quadrant of the abdomen
Superficial
nearer to the surface
superior
higher on the body, nearer to the head
supine
body position lying face up
suprapubic
lower central region on the abdomen
T-spine
Thoracic spine (T1-T12)
Acute
(Timing) new onset, likely concerning
acute on chronic
(Timing) new exacerbation of a chronic condition
chronic
(Timing) long standing, constant.
Fluctuating
(Timing) Symptoms that are always present but changing in severity, never fully resolving
Intermittent
(Timing) Symptoms that completely resolve at times, but continue to return repeatedly
Paroxysmal
(Timing) occasional, sporadic, transient
Resolved
(Timing) Gone, no longer existing
Transient
(Timing) Resolving spontaneously after onset
waxing and waning
(Timing) symptoms going in and out
FHx
Family history, a part of the medical chart that lists diseases and health conditions in the family that may put the patient at increased risk
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Federal law that protects sensitive patient information
pt
patient
r/o
rule out
ROS
review of system. A part of the medical chart that is a checklist of the symptoms the patient has, grouped by body system
s/p
status post (after). (e.g., headache s/p fall, headache after fall)
SHx
social history, a part of the chart that addresses lifestyle contributing factors to illness
Sx
symptoms
Tx
treatment
UTD
up to date
WNL
within normal limits (normal, not of concern)
dx
diagnosis
abscess
collection of pus beneath the skin
appendicitis
dangerous infection of the appendix
arthritis
inflammation of the joints
A fib
atrial fibrillation, irregular and very rapid heart rhythm. arrythmia
Bell’s Palsy
localized facial nerve dysfunction that causes facial droop and numbness
bronchitis
inflammation or infection of the bronchi, or upper airway
CA
cancer, carcinoma
cellulitis
infection of skin cells
CVA
cerebrovascular accident, or stroke. hemorrhagic or ischemic in nature
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis
production of gallstones
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes obstructed airflow to the lungs
CRF, CKD
chronic renal failure, chornic kidney disease Decreased ability for kidneys to filter waste and fluid from the blood.
cirrhosis
inflammation of an organ by degenerative changes, especially the liver
CHF
congestive heart failure, serious condition which the heart does not pump blood as efficiently
conjuctivitis
infection of the outer layer of the eye
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft, invasive procedure used to treat coronary artery disease
CAD
coronary artery disease, buildup of plaque in the arteries
Costochondritis
inflammation of rib cartilage
croup
viral infection of the upper airway with barking cough, stridor
DVT
deep vein thrombosis, blood clot forming deep in body, usually in leg
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
diverticulitis
acute inflammation of the diverticula pouches
ectopic pregnancy
egg developing outside of the uterus extremely dangerous due to rupture
endometriosis
presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the GI tract
GERD
gastrointestinal reflux disease, when stomach acids go from stomach into esophagus
gout
type of arthritis, diagnosed by ordering a uric acid level
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar due to diabetes
HLD
hyperlipidemia, high cholesterol
HTN
hypertension, high blood pressure (>140/90)
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
hypotension
low blood sugar (<100/65)
IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes requiring the use of insulin injections
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel, appears as red streaking
MS
multiple sclerosis, autoimmune disease affective brain and spinal cord
MI
myocardial infarction, heart attack
nephrolithiasis / renal calculi
kidney stone
NIDDM
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, diabetes not requiring the use of insulin injections
OM
otitis media, inner ear infection
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
PVD
peripheral vascular disease. blood circulation disorder that causes the blood vessels to narrow, block, or spasm
pharyngitis
throat infection
PNU
pneumonia, infection inside lung tissue
pneumothorax
presence of air or gas in the pleural space
psoriasis
autoimmune skin disease, dry, scaly, red patches of skin
PE
pulmonary embolism. blockage of pulmonary artery due to clot
pneumothorax
presence of air or gas in the pleural space, collapsed lung
pyelonephritis
infection on the kidneys
sciatica
compression of the sciatic nerve causing back pain with radiation to posterior leg
sepsis
dangerous infection of the blood
sinusitis
infection/inflammation of the sinuses
tinea
fungal rash
TIA
transient ischemic attack. mini stroke, neurological function restored over time
URI
upper respiratory infection
UTI
urinary tract infection, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
BMP
basic metabolic panel. blood test that measures lots of things
CXR
chest x-ray
CBC
complete blood count, blood test used to evaluate overall health, wide range of disorders
CMP
complete metabolic panel, blood test that measures 14 different substances
CT/CAT
computerized assisted tomography. XR procedure that does cross section scans of the body
EKG/ECG
electrocardiogram
H&H
hemoglobin and hematocrit, rd blood cell measurements to evaluate anemia
UA
urinalysis, urine test to detect a wide range of disorders
abx
antibiotics
ASA
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
aspirin
acetylsalicylic acid
B.I.D
(bis in die) twice daily
IM
intramuscular
NKDA
no known drug allergies
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ibuprofen, motrin)
PO
per os (by mouth)
p.r.n
(pro re nata) as needed
q.h.s
(quaque hora somni) at every bedtime
q.i.d
(quater in die) four times a day
rx
prescription (as in ‘recipe’)
t.i.d
(ter in die), three times a day
afebrile
(constitutional) without fever
ambulatory
(constitutional) able to move about, not confined to a bed
cachetic
(constitutional) extremely bony, malnourished
constitutional
the general appearance of the patient
distress
(constitutional) inability to tolerate their body state due to pain, or respiratory failure
NAD
(constitutional) no acute distress, patient is comfortable
febrile
(constitutional) feverish
lethargic
(constitutional) septic, very sick, about to die
malaise
(constitutional) generalized discomfort or weakness
non-toxic
(constitutional) appearing stable, no risk of deterioration
somnolent
(constitutional) appearing drowsy
unkempt
(constitutional) poor self hygiene
well developed
(constitutional) normal state of mental and body development
conjunctiva
(eye) thin outer lining of the eye and eyelid
cornea
(eye) transparent frontal aspect of the eye, covering both the iris and pupil
EOMI
(eye) extraocular muscles intact, testing that examines the function of the eye muscle
fundoscopic exam
use of ophthalmoscope to look through pupil and examine interior surface of posterior eye
nystagmus
(eye) involuntary shaking eye movements
ophthalmalgia
(eye) pain in eye
pale conjunctiva
(eye) pale inner aspect of the eyelid most often due to anemia
periorbital ecchymosis
(eye) bruising around the eyes, indicative of trauma
photophobia
(eye) light sensitivity
PERRL
(eye) pupils equal, round reactive to light. common normal exam finding
scleral icterus
(eye) yellowing of the sclera (whites of the eye) due to jaundice
sclerae anicteric
(eyes) sclera is white and normal
subconjunctival hemorrhage
(eye) blood in white part of the eye
cerumen
(ENT) earwax
dentition
(ENT) teeth
dry mucosa
(ENT) dry tongue, mouth, and lips indicating dehydration
edentulous
(ENT) without teeth
epistaxis
(ENT) nosebleed
gingiva
(ENT) gums
nare
(ENT) nostril
oropharynx
(ENT) back of mouth where it meets the throat
otalgia
(ENT) earache
pharyngeal erythema
(ENT) redness of the pharynx, indicating throat infection
rhinorrhea
(ENT) clear nasal discharge, runny nose
tinnitus
(ENT) ringing in ears
TM erythema
(ENT) redness of the TM, infection sign
tonsillar exudate
(ENT) pus on tonsils, indicating infection of tonsils
T&A
(ENT) tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, tonsils and adenoids removed in surgery
TM
(ENT) tympanic membrane
carotid bruit
(neck) whooshing blood flow heard with auscultation. often because of plaque narrowing
lymphadenopathy
(neck) enlarged lymph nodes
meningismus
(neck) stiff neck as sign of meningitis
supple
(neck) flexible, not stiff
thyromegaly
(neck) enlarged thyroid
JVD
(neck) jugular vein distention, enlarged bulging jugular vein, sign of heart distention due to blood volume increase
CV
cardiovascular
aneurysm
(CV) localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall
artery
(CV) blood vessel carrying blood away from the heat
bradycardia
(CV) slow heart rate HR<60
cardiomegaly
(CV) enlarged heart
coronary artery
(CV) artery that supplies heart with blood
dorsalis pedis pulse
(CV) pulse found on dorsum (top) of foot
murmur
(CV) abnormal heart sound, rated on 1-6 scale
NSR
(CV) normal sinus rhythm, rhythm of a healthy heart
palpitation
(CV) to beat rapidly, irregularly, forcefully on heart
pulse exam
(CV) on carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, etc. arteries
RRR
(CV) regular rate and rhythm, normal heart sounds at a regular rate (60-100 bpm)
stenosis
(CV) narrowing of a body opening or passage
tachycardia
(CV) fast heart rate >100 bpm
thrombus
(CV) blood clot or blockage
vein
(CV) vessel carrying blood towards the heart
bradypnea
(respiratory/pulmonary) decreased RR
CTA
(respiratory/pulmonary) clear to auscultation
dyspnea
(respiratory/pulmonary) difficulty or shortness of breath
DOE
(respiratory/pulmonary) dyspnea on exertion, dypsnea during light exercise such as walking
hemoptysis
(respiratory/pulmonary) coughing up gross amounts of blood
hypoxia
(respiratory/pulmonary) low SaO2 of body, not enough oxygen in the blood
pleurisy
(respiratory/pulmonary) pain with breathing
rales crackles
(respiratory/pulmonary) wet crackling in lungs
rhonchi
(respiratory/pulmonary) mucous rolling around in bronchi
SOB
(respiratory/pulmonary) shortness of breath
sputum
(respiratory/pulmonary) mixed matter with saliva passed through the mouth
stridor
(respiratory/pulmonary) upper airway noise, common sign in croup
tachypnea
(respiratory/pulmonary) increased respiratory rate
wheezing
(respiratory/pulmonary) high pitched sound heard in the lungs with asthmatics or lung disease
dyspepsia
(GI) indigestion
dysphagia
(GI) difficulty swallowing
emesis
(GI) vomiting
hematemesis
(GI) gross amounts of blood in vomit
hematochezia
(GI) bright red blood in the stool
hepatomegaly
(GI) enlarged liver
hernia
(GI) protrusion of part of an internal organ or tissue through weak area of muscle
McBurney’s point
(GI) RLQ point tenderness, appendicitis
melena
(GI) black tarry stool indicative of upper GI bleed
Murphy’s sign
(GI) RUQ point tenderness, cholecystitis
N/V/D
(GI) nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
organomegaly
(GI) enlarged organ
peritoneal signs
(GI) rebound, guarding, rigidity, signs of peritonitis
splenomegaly
(GI) enlarged spleen
adnexal tenderness
tenderness of ovaries during pelvic exam, indicative of ovarian cyst
cervical os
(GU) opening of cervix
CVA tenderness
(GU) costovertebral angle tenderness, tenderness over kidneys
dysmenorrhea
(GU) painful menstruation
dysuria
(GU) painful urination
Foley catheter
(GU) tube inserted through urethra to drain urine, often left in place
Foley catheter
(GU) tube inserted through urethra to drain urine, often left in place
frequency
(GU) urinating often
G/P/Ab
(GU) gravida, para, abortion. #times pregnant, #live children born, #failed pregnancies
gravid
(GU) the state of being pregnant
hematuria
(GU) blood in urine
IUP
(GU) intrauterine pregnancy. normal egg fertilization
LNMP
(GU) last normal menstrual period, first day of ones period
OB/GYN
obstetrics and gynecology
spotting
passing small amounts of blood from the vagina
urgency
abrupt urge to urinate
arthralgias
(musculoskeletal) joint aches
atrophic
(musculoskeletal) showing signs of tissue breakdown
bony tenderness
(musculoskeletal) tenderness of bone indicating fracture
deformity
(musculoskeletal) visual abnormality of bone or anatomical structure
dislocation
(musculoskeletal) disconnected joint
Fx
(musculoskeletal) fracture
kyphosis
(musculoskeletal) hunchback, rounded thoracic cavity of spine
malleolus
(musculoskeletal) bony prominence on each side of the ankle
myalgia
(musculoskeletal) muscular pain
paraspinal tenderness
(musculoskeletal) tenderness of muscles beside the spine
ROM
(musculoskeletal) range of motion of join
vertebral point tenderness
(musculoskeletal) tenderness directly over the vertebra
abrasion
(skin) scrape
avulsion
(skin) forcible pulling away of a part
