test 1.2 Flashcards
what are the three ways drugs are identified by
(1) Chemical-longer, refers to chemical structure; Ex-Paracetamol
(2) Generic-shorter; derived from chem. name; Ex-Acetaminophen (3)Trade-brand name assigned by the manufacturer; Ex-Tylenol
what is pharmacokinetics
The study of the impact of the body on drugs or how the body
acts on drugs
what are the 4 areas of pharmacokinetics
-Absorption -Distribution -Metabolism -Elimination/Excretion
true or false
Patient related factors such as (Genetic makeup, sex, age, obesity) may also influence the rate at which a drug is processed.
true
true or false
Drugs in solid form must dissolve in order to be absorbed into
systemic circulation
true
what is a substance with no therapeutic value
used to disperse or administer the active drug; controls delivery rate and manner in which it is
absorbed called
drug vehicle
what are the two routes to administrate a drug
Enternal or Parenteral(Nonenteral)
what is enteral
–by way of alimentary canal or digestive system
what is parental (nonenteral)
usually delivered to target tissue
true or false
both routes Enternal and Parenteral(Nonenteral) produce the same effect
false because each has inherent advantages and disadvantages
what three routes of administration has the most immediate effect
Sublingual (SL), Inhalation, Intravenous (IV)
what are the 5 things that routes are determined by
- Ease of administration - ex. age
- Patient adherence - ex. level of consciousness
- Desired onset of action - ex. immediate vs time delayed
- Local vs systemic distribution - ex. intra-articular vs oral
anti-inflammatories - Drug properties - ex. insulin is injected b/c it is
destroyed in the GI tract
explain bioavailabilty
Rate and extent of which the drug (active metabolite) is
absorbed
explain bioequivalence
Different formulations of the same drug (ie. generic) are
bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the 2 drugs are the same
with oral administration does tabs or caps act faster than liquids?
No liquids act the fastest
true or false
Execrise increases absorption of medicine
false
true or false
liquid delays up absorption, food in stomach speeds absorption
false
Liquids speed it up and food slows it down
what is the first pass effect
Drug is absorbed in GI tract and carried to
the liver before it reaches the blood stream
true or false
Drugs are not evenly distributed throughout
body
true
what does high volume of distribution and low plasma concentration cause
drug
more greatly distributed in extravascular spaces
does higher body weight equal higher or lower volume fo distribution csusign lower or higher blood concentration
Higher body weight equals higher volume of
distribution and therefore lower blood concentration
what is the site and action of a drug (explain site)
The “site” is the target receptor on the cell
surface or inside a specific cell type
what is the site and action of a drug (explain action)
The “action” is biological response caused
by the active drug or metabolite
