Test 12 Flashcards
What is the real measure of success under natural selection?
Reproductive Success
Founder Effect
New population is made from individuals with different genetic codes
Why is Anthropology said to be “holistic”?
searches for interrelationships of subject.
Major goals of anthropology
anthropology is to study human biological and cultural diversity across time and space.
Dominant sense of primates
Vision
Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with the reconstruction of past cultural systems?
archaeology
Theory means
well-supported and repeatedly tested explanation of natural phenomena.
Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with humans as a biological species?
Biological (physical) anthropology
Mutations are
Changes in DNA that introduce genetic variation
The earliest primate like fossils are said to date to?
65 million years ago
Physical anthropologists who study variation within and among human populations would be interested in questions such as?
Genetic variation, adaptation, and evolution
Many primates congregate in social groups, or communities, known as?
Troops
Individuals who study living, nonhuman primates are known as?
Primatologists
Darwin’s idea about the major process of evolution is called?
Natural selection
The earliest members of genus Homo were placed in that genus because of their?
Larger brains and tool use
Primate evolution has produced some morphological characteristics that represent adaptations to _____ conditions, or life in the trees?
Arboreal adaptations
Differences in size and morphology between males and females is called?
Sexual dimorphism
In general, speciation occurs when?
When populations become reproductively isolated and diverge
Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with the human communication
system?
Linguistic anthropology
When a scientist begins with a general theory from which testable hypotheses are developed, he or she is said to be using the _____ method?
Deductive method
_____ is the earliest and most important trend in hominid evolution?
Bipedalism
The basic laws of inheritance were articulated by?
Gregor mendal
The earliest well-established hominid fossils are placed in genus _____?
Australopithecus
The study of past cultures and lifestyles is the goal of?
Archaeology
Archaeology
Popular perceptions and misperceptions of other cultures have often been based on _____?
Ethnocentrism and stereotypes
Among the following, which is the most important concerning “Lucy”?
Early bipedalism
Which is true of Jane Goodall?
Pioneering research on chimpanzees
All of the genes possessed by a population are known as its?
Gene Pool
_____________ refers to the relative social status or rank of a primate, which is determined by its ability to compete successfully with its peers for objectives of value such as food and sexual partners?
Dominance hierarchy
There is very little fossil evidence detailing the evolution of hominoids from about?
8 to 4 million years ago
Controversy surrounds the theory of evolution. Many different interpretations of hominin evolution (phylogenetic trees or family trees) have been advanced through the years. The fossil record is sparse at key times in the evolutionary narrative, and DNA is now being used to advance evolutionary theory. Despite these efforts, many assumptions and presuppositions continue to influence thinking and interpretation. That being the case, what can we assertively state about evolutionary theory as it is put forth in your text book, and in popular culture/media?
Evolutionary theory is continuously refined, with ongoing debates over fossil evidence and DNA interpretations.
Many New World Monkeys have _____, while Old World Monkeys do not possess this characteristic?
Prehensile tails
To say that anthropology is holistic means that it?
it integrates biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological perspectives.
Gorillas use an unusual quadrupedal form of locomotion called?
Knuckle walking
The material products of former societies are known as?
Artifact
Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with explaining the behavior variation among human societies?
Cultural anthropology
The characteristic that identifies hominids as a taxonomically distinct group from other primates is?
Bipedalism
Grooming in primates is primarily a(n) _____ activity?
Social bonding
A paleoanthropologist would be most likely to study?
Early human fossils and evolution
Science is?
empirical, systematic approach to understanding the natural world.
The idea that organisms change during their lifetime and pass those changes on to their offspring is known as the theory of?
Lamarckism
Scientists speculate that the first mammals related to the primates appeared during the Paleocene about _____ years ago?
65 million years ago
You are visiting the zoo with some of your friends. You are looking at a primate in a cage that is hanging from its tail. your friends know that you are taking a course in anthropology and ask you, “What kind of primate is that?” You reply that it is a(n)?
New world monkey
The use of anthropological data to offer practical solutions to problems within a society is called?
Applied anthropology
The science of classification, or _____, gives scientists a convenient way of referring to, and comparing, living and extinct organisms?
Taxonomy
A group of organisms that have similar morphological characteristics and can potentially interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring is called a(n)?
Species
The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is?
Carl Linneaus
The individuals have characteristics (variations) that allow them to survive in a particular environment and reproduce, passing these traits on to their progeny, is known as?
Natural Selection
The four subdisciplines of anthropology are?
cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology
In science, a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon is called a(n)?
hypothesis
