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test Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the most important rule in scuba diving? ⚠️⛔️

A

never hold your breath 😮‍💨🫁

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2
Q

what happens when you hold your breath? 😶🥱😮‍💨

A

it blocks you airways and your lungs over expand (lung rupture) forcing air into the blood stream and chest cavities causing paralysis and death 💀

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3
Q

what’s a reverse block? 🔄

A

when expanding air gets trapped in a body air space

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4
Q

why shouldn’t you use decongestants? 🤧🥴

A

they can wear out and stop ascent by causing reverse block

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5
Q

what should you do if you get reverse block?

A

descend a metre and wait for the air to work its way out

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6
Q

why shouldn’t you dive with a cold or allergy? 🤧🤒🥴

A

it can cause congestion making it difficult or impossible to equalize

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7
Q

how do you equalize your lungs?

A

by simply continuously breathing, litch you don’t need to do anything 😮😮

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8
Q

why shouldn’t you use ear plugs? 👂

A

they create air spaces which you cant equalise

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9
Q

how do you equalise your ears mask and sinus on ascent?

A

air works it’s way out naturally, you don’t need to do anything 🥽

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10
Q

what’s a squeeze?

A

when you don’t adjust for increasing pressure compressing a body airspace and there is greater pressure outside the airspace than in it

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11
Q

what’s an ear squeeze?

A

pressure pushing your eardrum and surrounding tissue inward

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12
Q

how do you know if it’s a sinus squeeze?

A

you feel discomfort in your cheeks, central forehead and along the nose

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13
Q

what happens if it’s a mask squeeze?

A

a pulling or sucking sensation on your face

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14
Q

what happens if you don’t equalize your mask?

A

unequalised mask can cause facial bruising 😣

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15
Q

how do you prevent squeezes?

A

add air to air spaces to keep the pressure equal with the outside pressure

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16
Q

how do you equalise your… ?
• nose
• sinus
• mask

A
  • pinch your nose and blow or wiggle your jaw and swallow
  • pinch your nose and blow or wiggle your jaw and swallow
  • gently blow bubbles through your nose
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17
Q

why cant swimming goggles be used?

A

as they don’t cover the nose you cant equalise

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18
Q

when should you equalize?

A

every meter, before you feel discomfort

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19
Q

what should you do if you’re struggling to equalise?

A

ascend until you can’t feel discomfort and try again, if unable to stop the dive 🛑

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20
Q

what injuries occurs if you dive without equalising?

A

fluid accumulating in the middle ear and eardrum rupture which causes severe vertigo

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21
Q

the deeper you go the _________ you use your air.

A

faster

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22
Q

what fraction of the original time would your air last at 30m?

A

1/4

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23
Q

what happens to air as you go further down

A

the pressure compresses the molecules making the air denser and harder to breathe, breathing in this air takes more energy

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24
Q

If an object weighs less than the water it displaces, it _____. This is
_________ buoyancy.

A
  • floats

* positive

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25
Q

If an object weighs more than the
water it displaces, it _____. This is
____________ buoyancy.

A
  • sinks

* negative

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26
Q

If an object weighs the same as the

water it displaces, it neither floats nor sinks. This is _________ buoyancy.

A

•neutral

27
Q

what’s buoyancy

A

an upward force acting on an object in water, the force being equal to the weight of the water displaced

28
Q

why is salt water more buoyant?

A

salt water has minerals (salt) dissolved in it so a given volume weighs more than fresh water.

29
Q

what does the weight system do?

A

has just enough weight to offset positive buoyancy and make it neutral

30
Q

what inflating and deflating your BCD do?

A

increases and decreases your volume - how much water you displace.

31
Q

why does breathing affect you buoyancy?

A

when you inhale you chest expands displacing more water and when you exhale your chest contracts.

32
Q

what does buoyancy allow you to do?

A

• Descend and ascend at a slow, controlled rate.
• Stop a descent or ascent and maintain your depth with little effort.
• Float comfortably on the surface.
• Save energy and avoid harming
sensitive aquatic organisms by swimming neutrally buoyant and
controlling your movements.
• Maintain the underwater visibility by helping you not stir up the bottom.
• Enjoy one of the sensations unique to diving - “weightlessness.

33
Q

When I descend, my buoyancy tends to ________.

When I ascend, it tends to ________.

A

decrease, increase

34
Q

what are the 3 primary considerations when buying scuba equipment?

A
  • suitability
  • fit
  • comfort
35
Q

what are the 4 secondary considerations for scuba equipment? (idrk if u need this)

A

cost and features
serviceability
colour and style
accessories

36
Q

how should you care for your equipment?

A
  • inspect it to make sure of proper operation, wear and damage
  • rinse in fresh water
  • don’t leave in direct sunlight for long periods of time
  • some equipment required professional servicing
37
Q

what are the 3 benefits of the buddy system?

A
  1. practicality- assist eachother before, during and after each dive
  2. safety- help prevent problems and assist in an emergency
  3. fun- have someone to share dive adventures with
38
Q

what do dive buddies do? 👯‍♀️

A
  • plan dives
  • help each other gear up
  • remind each other of dive time and depth limit
  • assist if there a problem
  • assist each other with what they want to do on the dive
39
Q

how should your mask fit? 🤿

A

snug but not overly tight

40
Q

why are snorkels used in scuba? 🤿

A

to preserve air supply when near the surface

41
Q

what side does your snorkel go? 🤿

A

left because your regulator is on your right

42
Q

what do fins do? 🏊‍♀️

A

provide a large surface area for your legs to push against so you move more efficiently through the water

43
Q

what are the two fin types?

A

adjustable strap

full foot

44
Q

what are the two primary considerations when buying fins?

A

fit and blade size

45
Q

what four equipment systems combine to make a scuba kit?

A

BCD
regulator
cylinder
weight system

46
Q

what should you consider when buying scuba kit?

A

size preferences and the dive adventures that appeal to you

47
Q

what 5 components make up a BCD?

A 
inflatable bladder
cylinder band
LPI (low pressure inflator)
overpressure/quick exhaust valves 
weight system
48
Q

how should u store a BCD

A

partially inflated so the sides don’t stick together

49
Q

what are the 5 stages that make up a regulator

A 
hub, supplies air to all of the components 
regulator
alternate air source 
supplies air to BCD
the spg/computer - air u have left
50
Q

what do the first and second stage of a regulator do regarding pressure

A

the first stage rises the pressure to 7-10 bars above the surrounding pressure and the second stage (the regulator) brings it down to the surrounding pressure

51
Q

where does your primary second stage come from (the one you breathe from)

A

over your right shoulder

52
Q

where is your alternate air source?

A

in a quick release in the triangle zone

53
Q

where does an SPG go

A

under your left arm secured

54
Q

what two components make up a cylinder?

A
  • the cylinder itself

* the valve

55
Q

what do the markings on the cylinder tell you?

A
  • serial number
  • working pressure
  • hydrostatic test date
56
Q

how to take care of your cylinder

A

• never leave it unattended
• don’t leave it standing, lay it down BCD up
• always have it secure on transport
or boats

57
Q

how do you maintain your cylinders?

A
  • have the cylinder pressure tested (hydrostatics test)
  • annual visual checks
  • close and open the valve gently
  • never leave the cylinder completely empty to stop moisture for getting in
  • store the cylinder standing where it won’t get knocked over
  • keep it out of high heat so the pressure won’t get affected
58
Q

what’s the most important feature in a weight system? 🏋️‍♀️🏋️‍♂️🏋️

A

a quick release as it allows you to drop the weights and float in an emergency

59
Q

what’s trim?

A

the right distribution of weights

60
Q

when should you inflate your BCD

A

when entering the water

return to the surface add or vent air in small amounts when underwater

61
Q

how should you kick

A

the flutter kick, kick from your hip with very little bend to the knee

62
Q

how do you inflate your BCD orally

A

press the button you would usually use to deflate and blow into it releasing the button between breaths

63
Q

water is magnified by 1/3, water is 800 times denser than air, light gets absorbed in roygbv

A
64
Q

bwraf blue wales really are friendly

bcd weight review air final check

A

scuba (1 decks)

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