Test 11/2 Flashcards
Elections of 1920s
1920 Warren Harding
1924 Calvin Coolidge
1928 Herbert Hoover
Remember
Pro-business!
Probussines
-Fed gov = laissez faire
-Mellon recieved tax reductions from ‘21-‘26
-s court knocked down anti child labor laws
Adkins v Childrens hospital, reversed muller v oregon
Remember
Union membership declined 30%
Fordney McCumber Tarriff Law
Hawley Smoot Tarriff
raised tarriff rates
Esch Cummings Transp Act of 1920
Allowed for private consolidation of railroads and promise from ICC to respect their profitability
Harlem Renaissance
Writers, artists, intellectuals expressed black life never before seen in volume alone
Edu backgrounds included social sciences, anthropology, sociology
Twoness-legal and cultural limbo
Blacks/whites left to Europle to escape racism or escape materialistic onslaught
Women in 1920s
Did more outside home work but percent was low 20s
-white collar, female workers in most demand
Sexism: wifes earning not her own
Divorce laws favored men
Cant serve on juries
responsible for illegitimate births
Small voting turnout after 19th amendment
Immigration Quotas
Q of 1921 immigration limited to 3% of # of foreignborn persons of a nation counted in 1910 census
Q of 1924 2% based on 1890 census
Q of 1927 # for all asians n eastern/southern europeans limited to 150k all except Japanese
What did KKK have to fo w immigration Q’s
They supported bc it limited people from coming in
Prosperity of 1920s
-real wages increased 21% but corporate dividends went up 2/3
-rich 5% increased wealth from 1/4 to 1/3 n wealthiest 1% controlled 19% of all wealth
Economists thought income of 2k-4k was needed to live during ’20s but many made less than that
-number of millionaires increased 400%
Herbert Hoover
Won Election of 1928
Successful til late 1929 = economic distress
-crash of stock market=sign hard times for ’30s
“The man nobody knows”
Depicted Christ as founder of modern business
Big business
Grew from advertising, mergers, techn, sale of stock
Warren Harding
Won 1920 election Died 1923
Mourned hard
Admin was corrupt
Teapot Dome: albert fall sent to prison for takin money to lease federally owned land to oil companies
Calvin coolidge
Easily won 1924 election
Probusiness
Lowered taxes, especially corporate income taxes/personal incme txes
What political party was dominating
Republicans
Colorado coal comp vs united mine workers
Antilabor decision from S court that ruled that a striking union could be penalized for illegal restraint of trade
Adkuns vs Childrens hospital (1923)
Voided a minimum wage for women workers in the district of colombia
Reversed many gains achieved before wwi thru muller v Oregon
-decision helped cause labor unions to fall
Welfare capitalism
In place of unions
System of labor relations that stressed managements responsibility for employees well being
-henry ford pioneered
Red scare
American fears of socialism and communism post WW1
feared dangerous radicals were in country
Mail bombs sent to gov officials
A mitchell palmer
Bomb explosion outside house
Fanned public fears
Set up anti radicalism division in justice dept (fed bureau of investigation)
Deported many innocent aliens w anarchist/revolutionary beliefs
Sheppard Towner Fed Maternity n Infancy Act
Provided fed funds for medical clinics, prenatal educational programs, visiting nurses
-improved health care for poor
Lowered infant mortality rates
First time congress funded to encourage social welfare program
Equal rights amendment
Equal rights for men AND women in constitution
-some said it threatened labor laws protecting women from workplace conditions
Failed
Womens international League got peace and freedom
Leading member jane
Ignored by treaty makers
Denounced imperialism
Attacked under Red scare bc presence of socialist women
Dollar diplomacy
Loan guarantees and military interventions
Great Migration
Tripled NY black population Harlem was promise land to negroes Harlem renaissance Jazz spread to GM routes South to north to mid western cities
UNIA
Urged followers back to Africa bc they would never have common destiny or part in politics
What criticisms did modernist american writers offer
People who experienced first hand shock of WW1
writers named them the Lost Generation
Charles lindbergh
First nonstop solo flight from ny to paris
Harding corrupt admin
Albert fall teapot dome Thomas miller took bribes Jess smith aide to gen daugherty Charles forbes director of veterans bureau Charles cramer aid to forbes Gen Daugherty
Associated state
Hoover hope of voluntary business cooperation with government
American civil liberties union
Challenged laws constitutionality
Intervened scopes trial
Scopes trial
High school biology teacher John scopes taught evolution to class Popular because Clarence Darrow famous criminal lawyer defended scopes William Jennings Bryan Democratic candidates spoke for prosecution
National origins act 1924
Limited European immigration
also limited annual immigration from any countr to 2%
Al smith
Gov of ny
Lost to hoover 1928
Louis Armstrong
Famous jazz musician who learned craft in saloons brothels
solos inspired many
Marcus Garvey
Founded the Universal Negro improvement Association
Urged followers to move to Africa
Pan Africanism
Legacy that the UNIA left
People of african descent had common destiny and should cooperate in political action
Authors of harlem ren
Sinclair lewis
F scott fitz
Zora neale
