Test 11/19 exam**** Flashcards
Charged words
Words likely to produce a strong emotional response
Ie tyranny
Personification
Attribution of human powers or qualities to something that’s not human such as an inanimate object, an aspect of nature, or an abstract idea.
Diction
The authors choice and arrangement of words. Creates a personal stamp
Examples: casual, formal, simple, safisticated
Speeches
Written works delivered orally
Epistles
Public letters written to society. Written in essay form.
Audiences
Who a persuasive essay is written to. Affects a persons writing and tone.
Persuasion
Writing meant to convince readers to think or act in a certain way. Appeals to emotions or reason. Offers opinions and urgent action. Author must back up points with evidence.
Autobiography
Usually written in the first person presents life events as a person sees them. More personal than history books.
Aphorisms
Short saints with a message
From “The Autobiography” author
Benjamin Franklin
“The Declaration of Independence” author
Thomas Jefferson
“An Hymn to the Everything” author
Phillis Wheatley
“To his Excellency, George Washington” author
Phillis Wheatley
“Speech in the convention” author
Benjamin Franklin
From “letters from an American farmer” author
Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crèvrcoeur
From “Poor Richards Almanac” author
Benjamin Franklin
From “The Crisis” author
Thomas Paine
From “Letter From Birmingham City Jail” author
Dr Marrin Luther King
“Speech in Virginia convention” author
Patrick Henry
“Letter to her daughter from the new White House” author
Abigail Adams
What are some characteristics of Benjamin Franklin?
- worked as a printer most of his life.
- wrote under pseudonyms (Richard; Silence Dogood)
- wrote many moral messages (in form of aphorisms)
- inventor (lightening rod, bifocals, new stove, laws of electricity, scientific understanding of earthquakes and ocean currents)
- political career (write declaration,French support in revolutionary war, peace treaty with Britain, constitution)
Summarize The Autobiography
- Benjamin names 13 virtues that he needed to live by (temperance, frugality, order, industry, etc.)
- he defines them and fits them into his life
- he makes a schedule of his day to incorporate the virtues
- he makes a plan to work on these virtues (not all at once of course)
- he struggled with order because he has a lot to do and it was difficult for him to be content with how well he did everything
- he said a speckled ax is best(don’t have to be perfect)
- he says he’s not perfect but he’s glad he tried
Summarize Poor Richards Almanac
- many many aphorisms
- ex: a true friend is the best possession
- ex: a good example is the best sermon
- ex: no gains without pains
- ex: three may keep a secret if two of them are dead
- ex: haste makes waste
Characteristics of Thomas Jefferson
- 3rd president (doubled size of nation(Louisiana territory))
- helped gain independence
- invented food elevator
- violinist, art enthusiast, writer
- died on 4th of July shortly after Bff John Adams
Characteristics of Thomas Paine
- Journalist
- in American army
- he wrote the American crisis, common sense, the rights of man, and the age of reason (all politically involved writings)
- very powerful and influential works
Summarize the declaration of independence
- persuading the people for a change in government
- unalienable rights(life Liberty pursuit of happiness)
- peoples duty to overthrow corrupt government
- Britain has done wrong (passing laws, not giving them a say, taking land and things away from them, British soldiers harassing them
- we’ve tried to be cool about it but it’s not working so we have to be independent
- so basically we are separating so bye
From the crisis #1 summary
- basically war is neccassry
- we are bound in lisa very by Britain
- we need to break free
- he says that he wouldn’t usually be for offensive war because that’s basically murder, but he says that this is necessary because Britain is bad
- he calls upon everyone to go to war
Characteristics of Phyllis Wheatley
- enslaved african poet
- one of first published africans
- poem to George Washingotn
- Freed in 1773 (children died and husband jailed)
A hymn to the evening summary
- poem about evening
- sable curtains of night
- go to sleep
- very descriptive of the time
Summary of To His Excellency George Washington
- personifies America as the goddess columbia (columbus)
- basically Washington is great
- america is awesome
- french and England don’t stand a chance bc we have George W
characteristics of Martin Luther King Jr.
- civil rights leader - freedom
- mlk jr. shared same freedom ideas of thomas jefferson, phillis wheatley, and many others
- arrested for protesting
Summary of Letters to birmingham city jail
- we will get freedom in birmingham and everywhere
- we’ve been here all along we deserve rights
- you wouldn’t commend police for putting us in jail if you knew they let their dogs bite us and they acted violently on us
- they are only being good right now because they want to keep segregation
- commend us for putting up with this violence
- mlk jr. writes this from a jail cell and that’s why this is so long because he has nothing else to do in his jail cell
characteristics of patrick henry
- better than an actor (moved his listeners from anger to fear to laughter)
- “give me liberty or give me death”
- powerful orator
- united colonists in effort for independence
- house of burgesses(had powerful speech opposing stamp act)
- urged armed resistance to England
- after revolution, he was governor of Virginia and member of virginia general assembly
Characteristics of Ben franklin
- rose out of poverty
- no educatoin
- still contributed a lot
- leader for independence
- probz the deciding factor for the war
- signed peace treaty to end war
- only american to sign all four documents
summary of speech in the virginia convention
- fight for independence and separation from the british kind
- writes to mr president
- should i keep my opinions in fear of offending someone?
- we cannot hope that things are just going to get better
- need war
- britain is bad and preparing to fight us
- arguing doesnt work we need war
- slavery or war
summary of speech in the convention
- writes to mr president saying that people think they are always right
- he mostly agrees with the constitution but hes willing to be flexible so he keeps his few issues to himself
- a lot of wise people made the consititution but there will still be issues because people have self interests
- we need to look unified so put aside your small issues and just go with the constitution
Characterisitcs of abigail adams
- wife mother, write, artist, first-lady, revolutionary, womens rights pioneer
- educated her children (even her daughter)
- husband was busy so she wrote a lot of letters
- first family to live in white house
characteristics of michel guillaume jean de crevecoeur
- french aristocrat, immigrant to the US
- compared america to melting pot
- confirmed america as a land of great promise
- left america and went to london
- came back and his farmed burned, wife was killed, children fostered
summary of letter to her daughter from the new white house
- letter to daughter
- new white house (trouble getting there (woods)(not really a city), many servants to take care of house, no lighting (no wood), no bells)
- she pretends to like white house
- received some letters from friends
- wants to visit mrs Washington
summary of letters from an american farmer
- being a part of a country (not where you were born or where you starve and wander and there is war)
- america is great because there are new lawas, new living, citizens (not “slaves”), industry,
- america is flourishing (like a plant who has separated from the crown)
- only england because of language and a few friends
- america must keep improving
parallelism
a sentence that contains the same grammatical components; has a rhythm or sound to it; (she ran into the room, into the garden, and into our hearts)
repetition
repeating the same phrase over and over
restatement
restating sentence using different words
logical appeal
appealing to reason
emotional appeal
appealing to audiences hopes and fears
call to action
directly urging the reader to do something
anecdote
a short story or example
analogy
comparing two things
rhetorical question
asking questions; usually with obvious answers
a figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent person or a personified quality, object, or idea
apostrophe
author’s point of view
when writing, authors must decide from what point of view they want to express their ideas. There are three different choices - first person, second person, an a variety of third person point of views
context
the words that are used with a certain word phrase and that help to explains its meaning
journal
a daily autobiographical account of events and person reactions
narrative
a story told in fiction,,, nonfiction, poetry, or drama
oral tradition
the passing of songs, stories, and poems from generation to generation by word of mouth
oratory
public speaking that is formal, persuasive, and emotionally appealing
origin myths
myths that describe the origin of some feature of the natural or social world
Puritan Plain Style
type of writing in which uncomplicated sentences and ordinary words are used to make simple, direct statements
sermon
a lecture
summarize
to say a brief statement or account of the main points of something
