test Flashcards
List the regions of the superior limb from proximal to distal
Pectoral girdle brachium antebrachium manus carpus metacarpus digits
List the regions of the inferior limb from distal to proximal
Pelvic girdle clunes coxae thigh crus pes tarsus metatarsus digits
beginning with the chemical level list the steps in the hierarchical organization of living matter
Chemical level cells tissues organs organ systems organism
What are the microscopic building blocks that combine to form molecules
Atoms
What are the three types of organic molecules
Carbs
lipids and
proteins
The three subdivisions of the cell
Plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
What are the four functions of the cell membrane
Mechanical barrier
selective gate keeper
chemical receptor
identify self from nonself
What is the brain
Nucleus
Molecular movements do not require energy and can be divided into two subtypes
Passive- where molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
Osmosis- where water molecules move from areas of high concentration of water molecules to areas of low concentration water molecules
Active movements require energy and can be divided into two subtypes
carrier mediated- require special carrier proteins in the membrane to transport molecules into or out of the cell
Energy production in the cytosol is called
glycosis, it produces 2 atp
Energy production in the mitochondria is called
krebs cycle and produces 36 atp
Basic muscle tissue
Connective- vascular- few cells lots of extra cellular matrix
muscle
epithelial - a vascular
Nervous
Epithelial tissues are classified based on
Shape and number of layers
List the four basic connective tissues
General
cartilage
bone
blood
What are the two basic building blocks of connective tissues
few Cells and extracellular matrix
what two fibers dominate the extracellular matrix
collagen - great tensile strength
Elastic - Branched, stretch and recoil
Loose collagenous connective tissue
allows for movement
Dense irregular connective tissue
tensile strength
strong in all directions
dense regular connective tisse
strong in one direction
adipose tissue
insulate and padding
Why is cartilage and exception among the types of connective tissues
its the only one that is avascular
Hyaline cartilage
smooth and glassy
elastic cartilage
ears and epiglottis
fibrocartilage
shock absorbtion
List the layers of the integument from superficial to deep
Epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
stratum basale
produces Keratinocytes - cell division
stratum spinosum
flat, bind together
stratum granulosum
water proofs area
stratum corneum
most superficial
stratum papillare
top 20% of dermis
Dermal papilla
finger like projections going to epidermis
stratum reticulare
cleavage lines
tears and stretch marks
list the two layers of the hypodermis
faty and fibrous
formation of the hair follicles and glands
invagination
Sebaceous gland
produces oily substance called sebum onto the skin
apocrine gland
hair folicles
eccrine gland
most numerous
6 functions of a bone
support movement protection calcium homeostasis blood cell formation energy storage
what are the physical proporties of bone tissue
strength to resist tension- collagen
strength to resist compression- hydroxyapatite
ability to remodel or change- cells
osteoblast
builds bone
osteocyte
maintain bone
osteoclast
breaks down bone
Compact bone
surface bone
spongy bone
always deep
Periosteum
superficial to compact bone
dense irregular connective tissue
articular cartilage
hyaline, smooth and glassy
medullary cavity
only in long bone, yellow bone marrow
nutrient foramen
hole in bone supplying blood to bone tissue
two basic types of joints
fibrous and synovial
interosseous membranes
holds adjacent long bones together
syndesmosis
gomphosis, found around teeth
sutures
fibrous synarthrosis joint, found in head
synchondrosis
growth plate
symphysis
intervertebral disks
ligament
holds bone to bone
bura
synovial structure without a bone
tendon sheath
holds tendon firmly to bone
